Odisha is grappling with a leptospirosis outbreak that has already claimed the lives of six individuals in the state. Leptospirosis is a potentially deadly zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. This disease is more prevalent in warm, humid regions and can affect both urban and rural areas. It spreads from infected animals, including rodents, cattle, pigs, and dogs, shedding Leptospira in their urine. The illness may manifest in two phases, with the second phase being more severe and potentially leading to kidney or liver failure or meningitis. Fortunately, leptospirosis can be treated with antibiotics.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Zoonotic: Referring to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, highlighting the interconnectedness of human and animal health.
- Leptospira interrogans: The bacterium responsible for causing leptospirosis, typically found in the urine of infected animals.
- S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): A leading national public health institute in the United States, responsible for safeguarding public health and safety through the control and prevention of diseases, injuries, and disabilities.
- Meningitis: An inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, often a severe and potentially life-threatening condition.
- Antibiotics: Medications used to treat bacterial infections, including leptospirosis, by killing or inhibiting the growth of the bacteria causing the disease.