In recent news, an outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) has been observed infecting approximately 1,229 cattle across five districts in Gujarat. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease, its causes, transmission methods, symptoms, and available treatment techniques.
Understanding Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD)
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a contagious condition in cattle or water buffalo triggered by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), a member of the poxvirus family. The disease first emerged as an epidemic in Zambia in 1929. Contrary to initial assumptions regarding its origin being poisoning or hypersensitivity to insect bites, it was later confirmed to be a viral infection. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) notes that the mortality rate associated with LSD is recorded to be less than 10%.
Mode of Transmission
The primary mode of transmission of LSD is through vectors, specifically biting insects such as mosquitoes and biting flies. These insects play a crucial role in spreading the infection from one animal to another, thereby amplifying the spread within a cattle population.
Identifying Symptoms of Lumpy Skin Disease
The manifestations of LSD can be readily observed and primarily comprise symptoms such as fever, fluid discharge from eyes and nose, saliva dribbling from the mouth, and development of blisters on the body. The affected animals often show reduced interest in eating, face difficulties while chewing or swallowing food, contributing to the decreased milk production, a significant concern for dairy industries.
Preventive Measures and Treatment Strategies for LSD
The Indian government’s Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme offers vaccination against diseases, including LSD, providing a considerable preventive measure against the disease’s occurrence. Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that there are currently no specific antiviral drugs available for treating LSD.
The only known treatment approach involves providing supportive care for the affected cattle. This includes treating skin lesions using wound care sprays and administering antibiotics to prevent secondary skin infections and pneumonia. In addition, the use of anti-inflammatory painkillers can help alleviate pain and stimulate the appetite of the infected animals, thereby preventing further health deterioration due to lack of nutrition.
In conclusion, while LSD is a concerning epidemic that considerably impacts the cattle population and dairy industry, the incorporation of preventive measures such as vaccination and supportive care treatment offers hope in battling this disease.
Source: DTE
