Mahaparinirvan Diwas is a significant event that takes place annually on the 6th of December to mark the death anniversary of Dr. B R Ambedkar, a prominent Buddhist leader. Parinirvana, a central concept and goal in Buddhism, signifies liberation or freedom after death. The term originates from the Buddhist text Mahaparinibbana Sutta, which describes the passing of Lord Buddha at 80 years old as the original Mahaparinirvana. Given Ambedkar’s stature as a Buddhist figure, his death anniversary is known as Mahaparinirvan Diwas.
Early Life and Education of Dr. B R Ambedkar
Dr. B R Ambedkar was born on the 14th of April, 1891, in Mhow, Central Province, now known as Madhya Pradesh. A multifaceted personality, he was a social reformer, jurist, economist, author, polyglot orator, and a scholar of comparative religions. He made history in 1916 by becoming the first Indian to receive a doctorate degree from Columbia University. Dr. Ambedkar is often called the Father of the Indian Constitution and served as independent India’s first law minister.
Contributions to Society and Politics
Dr. Ambedkar left an indelible mark on Indian society and politics. In 1920, he established “Mooknayak”, a fortnightly newspaper that played a key role in shaping assertive and organized Dalit politics. He founded the Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha in 1923 with the aim of promoting education and culture among the marginalized sections of society. In 1925, the Bombay Presidency Committee appointed him to work in the Simon Commission.
Activism and Legal Career
Dr. Ambedkar was a fervent activist who constantly challenged societal norms. In March 1927, he led the Mahad Satyagraha, defying the traditional practices of Hindus. His lead role in the 1930 Kalaram Temple Movement, where he spearheaded a protest outside the temple that denied Dalits entry, was a significant event in the Dalit movement in India.
Political Career and Achievements
Dr. Ambedkar’s political career saw him participating in all three round-table conferences. In 1932, he signed the Poona pact with Mahatma Gandhi, leading to an increase in reserved seats for depressed classes in provincial and central legislatures. By 1936, he became a legislator in the Bombay Legislative Assembly.
His greatest achievement came in 1947 when he was appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee for the new Constitution of India. He joined Prime Minister Nehru’s Cabinet as Minister of Law in the first Cabinet of independent India until 1951 when he resigned over differences on the Hindu Code Bill.
Conversion to Buddhism and Death
In 1956, Dr. Ambedkar converted to Buddhism. Unfortunately, he passed away later that same year on December 6th. The government honored his contributions to society by conferring upon him the Bharat Ratna in 1990. Today, Chaitya Bhoomi, located in Dadar, Mumbai, serves as a memorial to this great leader.
Notable Works and Quotes
Throughout his life, Dr. Ambedkar authored several noteworthy works, including “The Annihilation of Caste” (1936), “The Untouchables” (1948), “Buddha Or Karl Marx” (1956), and “The Buddha and His Dhamma” (1956). His quotes reflect his beliefs, such as: ‘Democracy is not merely a form of government. It is primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint communicated experience. It is essentially an attitude of respect and reverence towards fellow men.’ He also wisely noted, ‘Humans are mortal. So are ideas. An idea needs propagation as much as a plant needs watering. Otherwise, both will wither and die’.
