Sword of Raghuji Bhonsle

The Maharashtra government successfully reclaimed the historic sword of Maratha warrior Raje Raghuji Bhonsle I at an auction in London. The sword was acquired for Rs 47.15 lakh. Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis announced this acquisition on social media, denoting its importance as a treasure from the Maratha Empire.

Features of the Sword

The sword is a basket-hilted weapon with a European-style single-edged blade. The blade is slightly curved and features two fullers, which are grooves running the length of the sword. The spine is adorned with gold inlay, featuring an inscription in Devanagari script. The inscription reads, “Shrimant Raghuji Bhosale Sena Saheb Subah Firang,” indicating its ceremonial significance. The title “Sena Saheb Subah” was a high military rank in the Maratha Empire, typically conferred by the Chhatrapatis of Satara.

Who Were the Nagpur Bhonsles?

The Nagpur Bhonsle family played important role in the expansion of the Maratha Empire. They belonged to the Kshatriya clan and claimed descent from the Sisodia Rajputs of Udaipur. The Bhonsles of Nagpur, known as Hinganikar, were in rehabilitating the village of Beradi. Their involvement in Maratha history includes performing the obsequies of Shivaji Maharaj, demonstrating their deep ties to the empire.

Raghuji Raje Bhonsle I

Raghuji Bhonsle I was a prominent figure in the 18th century. His power was shaped by family conflicts and strategic alliances. Backed by Chhatrapati Shahu in 1728, he confronted his uncle Kanhoji and established his authority. His victory at the siege of Bham in 1730 marked a turning point for the Bhonsle dynasty. He expanded Maratha influence over Odisha and established presence in Bengal.

Revival of the Jagannath Temple

After taking control of Odisha in 1751, Raghuji Bhonsle I revitalised the Shree Jagannath Temple. He appointed priests, restarted daily offerings, and made endowments to ensure the temple’s upkeep. He constructed over 22 Dharamshala for pilgrims and spent substantial amounts to promote the annual yatra. His efforts restored the temple’s sanctity and made it a vibrant centre for Hindu worship.

How the Sword Left India

The sword’s journey out of India began after the 1817 Battle of Sitabuldi. The British East India Company defeated the Nagpur Bhonsles, leading to the looting of their treasury. The sword may have been taken as war loot or presented to the British after the battle. The British also set fire to the Bhonsle Palace in Nagpur, which burned for six months, marking loss for the Bhonsle family.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the impact of the Maratha Empire on Indian history and culture.
2. Critically discuss the significance of ceremonial swords in royal traditions and their historical context.
3. Analyse the role of Raghuji Bhonsle I in the expansion of the Maratha Empire and its administrative practices.
4. Point out the consequences of British colonialism on Indian royal families and their legacies.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the impact of the Maratha Empire on Indian history and culture.

1. The Maratha Empire played important role in resisting Mughal domination, contributing to the eventual decline of Mughal power in India.
2. It encourageed regional autonomy and established a decentralized governance model, influencing later Indian political structures.
3. Maratha culture, including language, traditions, and art, enriched Indian heritage, evident in festivals, architecture, and literature.
4. The empire’s military strategies and alliances reshaped the political landscape, leading to the emergence of various regional powers.
5. Maratha patronage of temples and educational institutions promoted Hindu culture, impacting religious practices and societal norms.

2. Critically discuss the significance of ceremonial swords in royal traditions and their historical context.

1. Ceremonial swords symbolized authority, valor, and the divine right to rule, often presented during events like coronations.
2. They served as status symbols within royal families, reflecting the craftsmanship and cultural values of the period.
3. In many cultures, including the Marathas, swords were gifted during the conferral of titles, reinforcing loyalty and allegiance.
4. These swords often had inscriptions and intricate designs, embodying the historical narratives and legacies of the rulers.
5. They also played a role in military tradition, bridging the gap between ceremonial and functional weaponry in royal contexts.

3. Analyse the role of Raghuji Bhonsle I in the expansion of the Maratha Empire and its administrative practices.

1. Raghuji Bhonsle I expanded Maratha territory , incorporating regions like Odisha and parts of Bengal into the empire.
2. He established a robust administrative framework, allowing for efficient tax collection and governance across diverse regions.
3. His military campaigns showcased strategic alliances, enhancing the Maratha military prowess and territorial integrity.
4. Raghuji’s efforts in revitalizing local institutions, such as the Jagannath Temple, demonstrated his commitment to cultural and religious governance.
5. His legacy influenced subsequent Maratha leaders, setting a precedent for administrative practices and regional integration.

4. Point out the consequences of British colonialism on Indian royal families and their legacies.

1. British colonialism led to the dismantling of royal power structures, diminishing the authority of Indian rulers and their governance.
2. Many royal families faced financial ruin due to the confiscation of land and wealth, leading to a loss of cultural and historical heritage.
3. Colonial policies often favored certain families, creating divisions and rivalries among Indian royals, impacting their unity against colonial rule.
4. British rule resulted in the appropriation of royal artifacts, such as swords and jewels, leading to a loss of cultural identity for many families.
5. The legacy of Indian royal families was altered, as many transitioned from rulers to mere ceremonial figures under British patronage.