The Indian peafowl population in Kerala has been spotlighted following a recent incident where a man was fatally hit by one of these birds. This episode raises concerns about the increasing numbers of these animals in the state and the potential threat they pose to locals.
Understanding Peafowls
Peafowls are collectively known as peacocks, with the male bird being referred to as a peacock and the female as a peahen. The Indian peacock is lauded as the National Bird of India. Falling under the Phasianidae family, these birds share the company of jungle fowl, partridge, pheasant, and quail–birds from which domestic chickens are descended. Among all birds that fly, Peafowls rank as some of the largest.
There are two most-recognizable species of peafowls. The first is the blue, or Indian peacock, indigenous to India and Sri Lanka. The second type is the green or Javanese peacock, which populates areas from Myanmar (Burma) to Java.
Habitat of Indian Peafowls
The Indian peafowl is native to India and certain regions of Pakistan and Sri Lanka. In recent times, these birds have increasingly populated central Kerala, closely followed by southeast and northwest segments of the state. At least 19% of Kerala’s total area is a suitable habitat for this species. It is anticipated that by 2050, this percentage will rise by 40-50%. These birds adapt well to environments on the edges of forests and cultivated lands.
Agricultural Concerns and Man-Animal Conflict
Indian peafowls present a significant concern for paddy farmers in Kerala. These birds pose a threat due to their destructive tendencies towards seeds, causing economic damage and escalating man-animal conflict.
Rapid agricultural expansion and deforestation have forced many species, including the peafowl, to invade human territories. This gives rise to further confrontations and escalates existing tensions between humans and animals.
Linking Peafowl Population Growth to Climate Change
The growing numbers of peafowls can be interpreted as an indication of significant climate change. These birds are known for their resilience in dry conditions and their ability to not only survive but also thrive in such climates.
Protection Status of Indian Peafowls
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Indian Peafowls are classified under ‘Least Concern’. However, they come under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, which affords them the highest degree of protection.
