Manastu Space Achieves Milestone in Green Propulsion Technology

In December 2024, Manastu Space, a space technology start-up founded by IIT Bombay alumni, successfully test-fired its first Green Propulsion System, VYOM 2U. This milestone occurred onboard the PSLV-C60 during a mission named Adyanta. The test took place on December 31, 2024, at 8:50 p.m. in Lucknow. The VYOM 2U system represents a non-toxic alternative to traditional chemical propulsion, denoting a shift towards environmentally friendly space technologies.

About Manastu Space

Manastu Space was established in 2017 by Tushar Jadhav and Ashtesh Kumar, both alumni of IIT Bombay. The start-up aims to revolutionise satellite propulsion with green technologies. The team comprises experts in propulsion systems and advanced materials. Support from IIT Bombay has been crucial in developing key technologies for the VYOM 2U system.

Green Propulsion System

The VYOM 2U system is designed to be environmentally friendly. It avoids the toxic propellants traditionally used in space missions. This innovation aligns with global efforts to reduce the environmental impact of space activities. The system has reached Technology Readiness Level 8 (TRL-8), indicating its readiness for commercial deployment.

PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM)

The PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) is an initiative by ISRO. It transforms the PSLV rocket’s fourth stage into a platform for on-orbit experiments. This initiative allows startups and research institutions to validate their technologies affordably. Manastu Space utilised POEM to test the VYOM 2U system, demonstrating the importance of collaborative platforms in advancing space technology.

Impact of the Test

The successful test-firing of VYOM 2U showcases its reliability and performance. The system completed a 30-second firing, achieving critical manoeuvres. It tilted the platform by 24 degrees and spun at 0.5°/s. This performance demonstrates the system’s robustness for long-duration missions in space.

Future Prospects

Following this success, Manastu Space plans to expand its team and operations. The company aims to meet the growing demand for sustainable satellite propulsion. The validation of their technology positions them for future funding and commercialisation. The test results are expected to drive innovation in the global space industry.

Planned Experiments

The POEM-4 mission carries 24 experiments, including initiatives from ISRO labs and private universities. These experiments include seed germination in space and robotic systems for debris capture. The diverse range of experiments illustrates the potential for innovation in space research.

Technological Significance

The VYOM 2U system’s extensive testing, with over 400 hours in orbit, puts stress on its readiness for future missions. This achievement marks advancement in sustainable propulsion technology. It paves the way for cleaner space exploration and positions Manastu Space as a leader in this emerging field.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically examine the role of start-ups in advancing space technology in India.
2. Discuss the significance of sustainable technologies in the context of global environmental challenges.
3. Explain the concept of Technology Readiness Level (TRL). How does it apply to new space technologies?
4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of collaborative platforms like POEM on innovation in the space sector.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically examine the role of start-ups in advancing space technology in India.

1. Start-ups like Manastu Space introduce innovative solutions, such as green propulsion systems, that challenge traditional methods.
2. They enhance competition in the space sector, driving down costs and improving technology through fresh ideas.
3. Collaboration with established institutions (e.g., IIT Bombay) provides mentorship and access to resources, facilitating growth.
4. Start-ups contribute to job creation and skill development in the aerospace field, encouraging a skilled workforce.
5. Government initiatives, such as IN-SPACe, support start-ups by providing funding and regulatory assistance, promoting a thriving ecosystem.

2. Discuss the significance of sustainable technologies in the context of global environmental challenges.

1. Sustainable technologies reduce harmful emissions and environmental impact, addressing climate change and pollution concerns.
2. They promote resource efficiency, utilizing non-toxic materials and renewable energy sources, which are essential for long-term viability.
3. Adopting green technologies aligns with international agreements (e.g., Paris Agreement), driving global efforts toward sustainability.
4. Innovations in sustainable technologies can lead to economic opportunities, creating new markets and jobs in green industries.
5. They enhance public awareness and responsibility towards environmental conservation, encouraging collective action for a healthier planet.

3. Explain the concept of Technology Readiness Level (TRL). How does it apply to new space technologies?

1. TRL is a systematic metric used to assess the maturity of a technology, ranging from basic principles (TRL-1) to operational use (TRL-9).
2. It helps stakeholders gauge the development stage of new technologies, facilitating informed decision-making for investments and deployment.
3. In space technologies, achieving higher TRLs indicates successful testing and validation, crucial for commercial readiness and reliability.
4. For example, Manastu Space’s VYOM 2U reached TRL-8, signifying its readiness for commercial deployment after extensive testing.
5. TRL assessments guide the development process, ensuring technologies meet necessary performance and safety standards before launch.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of collaborative platforms like POEM on innovation in the space sector.

1. POEM allows startups to test technologies at a fraction of traditional launch costs, encouraging innovation by reducing financial barriers.
2. It provides a platform for diverse experiments, like Manastu Space’s green propulsion system, showcasing various technologies in real space conditions.
3. Collaboration with ISRO enhances credibility and provides access to expertise and infrastructure, accelerating technology development.
4. Examples like seed germination experiments highlight how POEM facilitates research that can lead to breakthroughs in space agriculture.
5. By enabling partnerships between academia, industry, and government, POEM promotes a collaborative ecosystem that drives progress in space exploration.