Scientists have recently identified a ninth species of pangolin, tentatively named “Manis mysteria.” This newfound pangolin variety emerged from the examination of scales confiscated in China’s Yunnan province in 2015 and 2019. It is believed to have diverged from its Philippine and Malayan relatives around five million years ago. Pangolins are distinctive mammals known for their protective keratin scales and ant- and termite-based diet. They are the only mammals with such scales and can curl into a defensive ball when threatened. Pangolins face grave threats, as all species are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with the Indian pangolin categorized as Endangered.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Keratin: Keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in the outermost layers of skin, hair, nails, and the scales of pangolins. It provides rigidity and protection.
- IUCN Red List: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is a comprehensive database that assesses the conservation status of various species worldwide. Species are categorized into different levels of threat, such as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered.
- Anteaters: Pangolins are often referred to as “scaly anteaters” because, like true anteaters, they primarily feed on ants and termites. However, they are not closely related to the true anteaters found in the Americas.
- Curling into a Ball: When pangolins feel threatened, they can curl their bodies into a tight ball, with their overlapping scales forming a protective shield. This behavior helps deter predators.
- Thick-Tailed Pangolin: The Indian pangolin, also known as the thick-tailed pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), is a pangolin species native to South Asia. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to the severe threats it faces, including habitat loss and illegal trade.