Kerala’s Archaeology Department discovered numerous megalithic hat stones, known as Thoppikkallu, during a recent excavation at Nagaparamba near Tirunavaya. These hemispherical laterite stones, used as lids on burial urns during the megalithic era, could provide insights into the region’s life and culture over 2,000 years ago.
Megaliths, either burial sites or commemorative memorials, are found across India, with distinct forms like dolmenoid cists and menhirs. Concentrated in states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, these artifacts date back to the Iron Age (1500 BC to 500 BC).
What to study for prelims?
- Megaliths: Ancient monumental structures created during the Iron Age, serving as burial sites or commemorative memorials. They include various forms like dolmenoid cists, cairn circles, capstones, and menhirs, offering glimpses into past societies’ practices and culture.
- Thoppikkallu: Malayalam term for hat stones, referring to hemispherical laterite stones that were used as lids for burial urns in the megalithic period. These stones have historical significance, shedding light on burial rituals and traditions.
- Tirunavaya: A location near the Bharathapuzha river, historically significant for hosting the Mamankam assembly once every 12 years. Mamankam was a grand gathering of rulers in ancient times, enhancing the historical importance of the region.
- Dolmenoid Cists: Box-shaped stone burial chambers, often associated with megalithic burials. These cists were used to inter the deceased, providing valuable archaeological information about burial practices and rituals.
- Menhirs: Vertical stones erected as memorials, frequently found in megalithic sites. These monolithic structures hold cultural and historical significance, showcasing the ways in which ancient societies commemorated individuals or events.
- Iron Age: The period marked by the use of iron tools and technologies, spanning roughly from 1500 BC to 500 BC. This era brought about significant advancements in material culture, agriculture, and societal structures.
- Bharathapuzha River: Also known as the Nila River, it is a major river in Kerala, India. The river’s banks have witnessed various historical and cultural activities, including the Mamankam assembly.
