An Indian-origin researcher and their team have uncovered 135 novel melanin genes linked to pigmentation. Melanin, a substance responsible for hair, eye, and skin color, offers protection against harmful UV rays, safeguarding cells from sun damage. Produced within specialized structures called melanosomes, it’s generated by melanocytes. Variations in melanin production in humans, stemming from the same number of melanocytes, lead to diverse skin colors. Eumelanin, responsible for dark hues, includes black and brown types, shielding against UV radiation. Pheomelanin contributes to lighter shades but offers less UV protection. Additionally, neuromelanin governs neuron color, distinguishing it from skin, hair, and eye hues.
Prelims pointer
- Melanin Genes: Genes newly identified by an Indian-origin researcher and their team, associated with the production and regulation of melanin, a pigment affecting hair, eye, and skin color.
- Melanosomes: Specialized structures within cells called melanocytes, where melanin is synthesized. They play a key role in determining the level of pigmentation in different body parts.
- Melanocytes: Cells responsible for producing melanin. Melanocytes are present in the skin, hair follicles, and eyes, contributing to the coloration of these structures.
- Eumelanin: Responsible for darker colors in skin, hair, and eyes. It can be further categorized into black and brown types. Eumelanin provides defense against harmful UV radiation by absorbing and dispersing it.
- Pheomelanin: Contributes to lighter colors such as red and yellow. While less effective at UV protection compared to eumelanin, it plays a role in determining variations in lighter skin, hair, and eye colors.
- Neuromelanin: Unlike eumelanin and pheomelanin that influence external coloration, neuromelanin affects the color of neurons. It doesn’t contribute to visible features but is involved in neuronal processes.
