The Indian Ministry of Defense has recently made a significant decision to separate civil areas from Military Stations in cantonment towns, dating back to the British colonial era. The move aims to break away from the previous era’s concept and integrate these civilian areas with their respective state municipalities. This decision is set to change the administrative landscape and foster better civil-military relations.
Understanding Cantonment Administrations in India
Cantonments are unique as they consist of both military and civilian populations, setting them apart from military stations that serve only for the training and accommodation of armed forces. Originating in the colonial times, cantonment towns were established by the British as military stations to maintain control over their territorial interests. These towns were solely meant for military personnel and governed separately from civilian localities, leading to the formation of distinct communities.
Cantonments are categorized into four classes – I to IV, depending on size and population. Each class has varying mixes of elected civilians and government/military members governing the board, responsible for several aspects of cantonment administration. The station commander oversees the board, while an officer from the Defence Estates Organisation acts as the chief executive and member-secretary.
The Ministry of Defense controls the cantonment administration through an inter-services organisation. With over 60 Cantonments nationally, all have been notified under the Cantonments Act,1924, followed by the Cantonments Act, 2006.
Urban Governance and Administration of Municipalities
Urban local government involves three primary ministries in India: the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Defence, and Home Affairs for the cantonment boards and Union Territories, respectively. At the state level, urban governance comes under the state list in the Constitution.
The administrative framework for the regulation of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) varies across states. The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 facilitates the establishment of ULBs, giving state governments the power to devolve certain functions and revenue authority to these local governance bodies.
Issues Faced by Civilians in Cantonment Areas
Civilians living within cantonment localities have long been dissatisfied due to various restrictions, with cantonment boards seemingly unable to resolve them. They face daily challenges such as loan accessibility and free movement within the premises.
The Significance of Demerging Cantonment Areas
Demerging military stations from civilian regions is expected to enhance civil-military relations, leading to improved understanding and cooperation. This move could lead to improved civic amenities and infrastructure as civilian areas become part of municipal governance. Residents may have greater involvement in local governance, leading to better urban planning and public services.
Potential Concerns and Challenges of the Demerger
The demerger raises both opportunities and challenges. One area of concern revolves around balancing the preservation of the historical significance of these towns with modern urban planning requirements. Additionally, the process may lead to several legal and administrative issues, which the government will need to address for a smooth transition.
Some experts have raised concerns about the potential negative impact on the Army’s training and administration. They argue that abolishing cantonments could prove to be a security hazard. Despite these concerns, the decision to demerge represents a significant shift in administration, aiming to bridge the gap between military and civilian communities.