Mokama Tal, a vital agricultural region in Bihar, is facing a severe crisis. With over 100,000 hectares of fertile land, it is the second-largest producer of lentils in India. However, water logging has plagued the area for years, crippling local farming and threatening livelihoods. This situation has been exacerbated by government negligence and infrastructural changes that hinder natural drainage.
Geography and Importance
Mokama Tal is located approximately 90 kilometres from Patna. It spans Patna, Nalanda, Lakhisarai, and Sheikhpura districts. The region is crucial for pulse cultivation, producing important amounts of lentils, gram, peas, and rye. Its natural water conservation system relies on the Ganga river, which traditionally drains excess water after the monsoon.
Impact of Water Logging
For the past 7-8 years, excessive water accumulation has rendered many acres unusable for farming. Farmers have struggled to cultivate crops, relying heavily on pulses and oilseeds. The persistent water logging has led to crop failures and economic distress for local farmers.
Government Response and Challenges
Despite budget allocations aimed at improving the situation, local farmers report little to no change. Infrastructure projects, such as road construction and bridges, have blocked traditional drainage routes. This has caused the Ganga’s height to rise, further complicating water management.
Current Conditions and Future Prospects
As of late 2023, water levels in Mokama have receded in some areas but remain high in others, particularly Maranchi Tal. Farmers are anxious about the upcoming sowing season, which typically occurs between mid-October and mid-November. Delayed sowing can lead to financial losses, as crops may not cover production costs.
Community Response
Local farmers are vocal about their plight, with many expressing frustration over government inaction. The migration of youth in search of better opportunities reflects the dire economic situation. Community leaders are advocating for immediate action to restore the agricultural viability of Mokama Tal.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the role of local governance in addressing agricultural crises in Bihar.
- Estimate the socio-economic impact of water logging on farmers in Mokama Tal.
- Point out the environmental factors contributing to agricultural challenges in flood-prone regions.
- What are the long-term implications of infrastructure development on traditional farming practices? How can these be mitigated?
