Moran Community’s Permanent Residence Certificates in Arunachal

The Assam Cabinet has recently decided to grant Permanent Residence Certificates (PRCs) to members of the Moran community residing in Arunachal Pradesh. This move addresses a long-standing demand for recognition and access to benefits in the state. The Moran community, primarily found in Eastern Assam, also has populations in Arunachal Pradesh. This decision aims to provide them with opportunities in education and employment within Assam.

Background of the Moran Community

The Moran community is an ethnic group in Northeast India, primarily located in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. They belong to the Tibeto-Burman family and speak Assamese. Historically, they spoke the Moran language, which has largely faded. The community has a rich cultural heritage, once sharing customs with other Kachari groups. Their conversion to Vaishnavism has influenced their traditions.

Geographical Distribution

Moran people are primarily concentrated in Upper Assam districts such as Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, Sivasagar, Dhemaji, and Lakhimpur. They also inhabit neighbouring districts in Arunachal Pradesh, including Lohit, Namsai, and Changlang. This geographical spread has led to their demand for PRCs in Arunachal Pradesh.

Historical Context

The Morans are one of the aboriginal tribes of Assam with a history dating back to the 13th century. They initially occupied territories between the Disang and Dihing rivers. Before the Ahom dynasty’s arrival, they had their own independent chiefdom led by Chief Bodousa. Their integration into the Ahom polity occurred when Sukaphaa, the Ahom king, sought to marry Bodousa’s daughter.

Current Developments

The Assam government’s decision to issue PRCs to the Moran community living in Arunachal Pradesh is seen as a historic step. It allows them access to jobs, educational institutions, and various government benefits in Assam. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma stated that this decision addresses the exclusion faced by the Moran community in Arunachal Pradesh.

Cultural Significance

The Morans are also known as Habungiya or Hasa, which translates to “Son of the Soil.” This name reflects their deep-rooted connection to the land. Their customs, while influenced by Vaishnavism, retain elements of their original practices. The community’s rich history and cultural identity continue to shape their aspirations for recognition and rights.

Challenges Ahead

Despite the positive developments, challenges remain. The Moran community still faces issues regarding recognition and access to facilities in Arunachal Pradesh. Ongoing dialogue between the Assam and Arunachal governments is crucial for resolving these matters and ensuring the community’s rights are upheld.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the socio-economic implications of granting Permanent Residence Certificates to the Moran community in Arunachal Pradesh.
2. What are the historical factors that contributed to the integration of the Moran community into the Ahom polity? Discuss.
3. Estimate the impact of language loss on the cultural identity of the Moran community.
4. Point out the significance of the Moran community’s customs in the context of their conversion to Vaishnavism.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the socio-economic implications of granting Permanent Residence Certificates to the Moran community in Arunachal Pradesh.

1. PRCs will provide the Moran community access to jobs and educational opportunities in Assam.
2. Recognition as residents may enhance their social status and integration within the region.
3. Improved access to government benefits and services can lead to better living standards.
4. Potential economic growth through increased participation in local economies.
5. Possible tensions with local populations in Arunachal Pradesh due to demographic changes.

2. What are the historical factors that contributed to the integration of the Moran community into the Ahom polity? Discuss.

1. The Moran community had an independent chiefdom before the Ahom dynasty’s arrival.
2. Chief Bodousa’s daughter was married to Ahom king Sukaphaa, facilitating integration.
3. Adoption of Ahom rites and customs due to close relations with the Ahoms.
4. The strategic alliance strengthened political stability in the region.
5. Historical records indicate the Morans were distinct yet influential within the Ahom kingdom.

3. Estimate the impact of language loss on the cultural identity of the Moran community.

1. Language loss can lead to diminished cultural practices and traditions unique to the Moran community.
2. As the Moran language fades, the community may struggle to maintain a distinct identity.
3. Language is a key vessel for cultural knowledge, storytelling, and heritage transmission.
4. Shift towards Assamese may create a hybrid identity, potentially diluting original customs.
5. Preservation efforts for the Moran language can help revitalize cultural pride and identity.

4. Point out the significance of the Moran community’s customs in the context of their conversion to Vaishnavism.

1. Conversion to Vaishnavism influenced the community’s rituals and religious practices.
2. Many original customs have intermingled with Vaishnavite practices, creating a unique cultural blend.
3. The community’s identity as “Son of the Soil” reflects their connection to land and heritage.
4. Vaishnavism has provided a framework for community solidarity and social cohesion.
5. About these customs is crucial for recognizing the community’s historical narrative and identity.