Recently, the world’s attention was drawn to Mount Semeru, an active volcano in Indonesia, following an eruption that resulted in the loss of at least 14 lives and dozens more being injured. This recent event only serves to highlight the volatile nature of this region, given that its last eruption was just less than a year ago, in December 2020.
About Semeru Volcano
Known as the Great Mountain, Semeru is not only the highest volcano in Java, but also one of the most active. Part of its activity is attributed to its unique geographical location; it lies on the arc of islands that were formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate below the Sunda Plate, which forms part of the larger Eurasian Plate. This collision of plates creates a trench called the Sunda Trench, with its most substantial section being the Java Trench.
Indonesia, A Hotbed for Volcanic Activity
Indonesia holds the record for the highest number of active volcanoes in the world, making it a significant hotspot for seismic activity. Its position on the Pacific’s Ring of Fire contributes significantly to this status.
The Pacific’s Ring of Fire
Also known as the Circum-Pacific belt, The Ring of Fire is an area along the Pacific Ocean famous for its active volcanoes and occurrence of earthquakes. Spanning approximately 40,000 kilometers, it defines the boundaries of several tectonic plates – these include the Pacific, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.
The Ring of Fire holds an astounding concentration of Earth’s volcanic and seismic activity. It is home to 75% of Earth’s volcanoes, equating to more than 450 active volcanoes. In addition, it is responsible for 90% of Earth’s earthquakes, including some of the most violent and catastrophic seismic events the planet has witnessed.
Other Notable Volcanoes in Indonesia
Although Semeru is currently in the spotlight due to its recent activity, Indonesia hosts several other significant volcanoes. Two others that are noteworthy are Mount Merapi and Mt. Sinabung. Similar to Semeru, these volcanoes also pose considerable risks due to their frequent activity.
Ultimately, understanding the nature of these volcanoes, their geographical placement and Indonesia’s position within the Pacific’s Ring of Fire is critical in predicting and preparing for future seismic events. The recent eruption of Semeru serves as a poignant reminder of the raw power of our world’s geological forces.
