The Ghodahada reservoir in Odisha, a region famed for its wildlife, has been attracting attention recently. Due to the annual crocodile census conducted in this area, there has been a noticeable increase in the population of mature mugger crocodiles. The Ghodahada reservoir and its surrounding areas have proven to be an excellent habitat for these species.
About the Ghodahada Reservoir
Positioned near the Lakhari Valley Sanctuary, the Ghodahada reservoir is an integral part of the Eastern Ghats. It thrives on the water from the Ghodahada River, a tributary of the Rushikulya. This spectacular reserve provides suitable conditions for various species, thus ensuring a diverse and healthy ecosystem.
Mugger Crocodile: A Brief Profile
Odisha is known to be home to three different species of crocodiles – the gharial found in Satkosia, the Saltwater crocodile in Bhitarkanika, and the Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
The Mugger crocodile stands out. While primarily restricted to the Indian subcontinent, it can adapt to a variety of freshwater habitats. These include rivers, lakes, marshes, and even coastal saltwater lagoons and estuaries. However, their presence is no longer found in Bhutan and Myanmar.
Despite being a protective egg-laying and hole-nesting species, the principal threats that the Mugger crocodile faces include habitat destruction, fragmentation, transformation, fishing activities, and the use of crocodile parts for medicinal purposes.
Conservation Status of the Mugger Crocodile
With regards to conservation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the Mugger crocodile as being ‘Vulnerable’. They also receive protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which provides the highest degrees of protection for listed species. Additionally, the Mugger crocodile is listed under CITES Appendix I.
| Conservation Body | Conservation Status |
|---|---|
| IUCN | Vulnerable |
| Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 | Schedule I protected |
| CITES | Appendix I listed |
Lakhari Valley Sanctuary: A Brief Profile
Established in the year 1985, the Lakhari Valley Sanctuary sits in close proximity to the Bay of Bengal. This geographical positioning leads to a high annual rainfall, creating a tropical climate favourable for diverse flora and fauna. The sanctuary boasts of rich tropical forests, valleys, hills, various water sources, and is host to one of India’s significant elephant populations.
The recent rise in the Mugger crocodile population in the Ghodahada Reservoir is an encouraging sign. It illustrates the effectiveness of wildlife protection laws and testifies to the reservoir’s excellent conditions. This development underlines the importance of such natural habitats in preserving our biodiversity.