India is poised to enhance its solar research capabilities with the establishment of the National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) in Ladakh. Spearheaded by Professor Annapurni Subramaniam of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, this project aims to provide critical vital information about solar dynamics and magnetic fields, which are vital for understanding solar storms and their impact on Earth.
About Solar Dynamics
Solar dynamics refers to the processes that govern the Sun’s behaviour, including solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These phenomena can release billions of tons of plasma into space, affecting satellite operations and communication on Earth. The NLST will play important role in studying these events, offering a spatial resolution of 0.1-0.3 arc-seconds, enhancing our understanding of solar activities.
Project Specifications
The NLST is designed as a two-metre class optical and near-infrared observational facility. Located at an altitude of approximately 4,200 metres on the banks of Pangong Tso Lake, the site is optimally chosen for its clear skies and low atmospheric interference. This high-altitude location is expected to provide ideal conditions for solar observations, which are often hindered by atmospheric disturbances.
Significance of Location
Ladakh’s unique geography contributes to the NLST’s potential success. The region’s cold desert climate ensures minimal humidity and light pollution, making it one of the best sites for astronomical research. The continuous laminar winds will help maintain the telescope’s temperature, a critical factor as solar telescopes generate heat during operation.
Collaborative Research and Future Prospects
The NLST will serve as a ground-based counterpart to ISRO’s Aditya L1 satellite, which is already operational in space. Together, these instruments will create a comprehensive observational network, facilitating a deeper understanding of solar phenomena. The project is expected to cost over ₹150 crore and is prioritised in the ‘Mega Science Vision
2035′ document, underscoring its importance in advancing solar astronomy in India.
Challenges and Delays
Despite its significance, the NLST project has faced delays of nearly a decade. While site characterisation and land acquisition have been completed, final approvals are still pending. The timely execution of this project is essential, as solar activity continues to pose risks to modern technology and infrastructure.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the significance of the National Large Solar Telescope in advancing solar research in India.
- What are the potential impacts of solar storms on Earth’s technology?
- Explain the advantages of the chosen location for the NLST in Ladakh.
- How does the NLST complement the Aditya L1 satellite mission?
- What challenges does the NLST project face, and how can they be mitigated?
