National Quantum Mission: A Leap towards Quantum Technology
The Union Cabinet, presided over by the Prime Minister, has recently sanctioned the National Quantum Mission (NQM). This initiative is aimed to foster scientific and industrial research and development in quantum technology.
About National Quantum Mission
Set to be implemented by the Department of Science & Technology (DST) under the Ministry of Science & Technology, the mission plans its operation from 2023 to 2031. The primary objective of NQM is to nourish and boost scientific and industrial R&D and cultivate a dynamic and creative environment in Quantum Technology (QT). With this mission’s inauguration, India will become the seventh nation globally with a dedicated quantum mission following the US, Austria, Finland, France, Canada, and China.
What Will NQM Achieve?
NQM aims at developing intermediate scale quantum computers comprising 50-100 physical qubits in 5 years and 50-1000 physical qubits within 8 years. ‘Qubits’ or ‘quantum bits’, similar to standard computer bits (1 and 0), are the basic units processed by quantum computers. Besides, the mission promises to develop high sensitivity magnetometers for precision timing (atomic clocks), communications, and navigation. The mission offers support in designing and synthesizing quantum materials such as superconductors, novel semiconductor structures, and topological materials for the creation of quantum devices.
NQM: Enabling Quantum Communications and Networking
Also, NQM contributes to developing satellite-based secure quantum communications between ground stations covering a range of 2000 km within India. Moreover, it will help in long-distance secure quantum communications with foreign nations and inter-city quantum key distribution spanning over 2000 km. It also focuses on developing a multi-node quantum network with quantum memories.
NQM Initiatives: Establishing Thematic Hubs
In addition to the above, four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) focusing on Quantum Technology domains will be established in leading academic and National R&D institutes. These include Quantum computation, Quantum communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, and Quantum Materials & Devices.
Significance of NQM
NQM is a significant leap to expedite QT-led economic development and it positions India as one of the pioneering nations in Quantum Technologies & Applications (QTA). It ranges from healthcare and diagnostics, defense, energy, and data security. Moreover, NQM encourages indigenous production of quantum-based computers known for their power and prowess in solving intricate problems in a highly secure environment.
About Quantum Technology
Quantum technology is a blend of science and engineering that explores the principles of quantum mechanics, examining the activities of matter and energy at the minutest scale.
Pros of Quantum Technology
Quantum-computers, due to their high-speed functionality, outperform contemporary computers. They are equipped with solving complicated problems currently unattainable with contemporary technology. Relying on quantum mechanics principles, quantum encryption techniques offer superior security than traditional methods. In addition, quantum communication networks facilitate high-speed and secure information transmission. Enhanced AI, improved sensing and measurement are other benefits of quantum technology.
Cons of Quantum Technology
Despite its potential advantages, quantum technology comes with its fair share of challenges. High cost, limited applications, sensitivity to environmental conditions, and limited control are among the major concerns connected with the wide adoption of the technology.