India’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is currently considering a draft policy aimed at mitigating and rehabilitating individuals affected by river and coastal erosion. As the country’s first such policy, the development is being watched with interest by disaster management officials and researchers alike. This initiative, directed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, is based on the recommendations from the 15th Finance Commission’s report for 2021 and aims to address the issues faced by communities that have been displaced due to long-term natural disasters like coastal erosion – something that until now has been largely overlooked.
Recommendations Made in the 15th Finance Commission Report
For the first time, the 15th Finance Commission report addressed the urgent need for rehabilitation and resettlement of people displaced due to river and coastal erosion. It recognized this as an emerging threat due to climate change and called for the introduction of mitigation measures under the National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF). The report proposed an allocation of Rs 1,500 crore ($200 million) for the period 2021-26. A further Rs 1,000 crore was proposed for resettlement of displaced people under the National Disaster Relief Fund (NDRF). The report stressed the necessity of adhering to timelines for these projects.
Key Features of the Draft Policy
The draft policy outlines several key features for addressing the issue of displacement. It proposes that state governments should contribute up to 25% of the costs associated with mitigation and resettlement efforts; however, northeastern states would be required to provide only 10% of these funds. The NDMA will be responsible for coordinating these allocations and expenses at a national level.
The responsibility for implementation will fall with District Disaster Management Authorities, backed by other district agencies and a specific committee at the panchayat level. The NDMA will require detailed hazard assessments from central agencies such as the National Centre for Coast Research and the Central Water Commission.
Role of NDMA
The NDMA is India’s principal statutory body for managing disasters. Formed in 2006, it consists of ten members, including the Prime Minister as the chairperson. The majority of the responsibilities for disaster management rest with state governments; however, the national policy will provide a structure that supports efforts at state, district, and central levels.
Significance of Displaced Communities and Coastal Erosion
This draft policy is significant as it recognises the serious impact of long-term natural disasters like coastal erosion. Until now, most policies in the country addressed displacement following rapid-onset disasters such as floods and cyclones. The policy comes at a critical time as climate change continues to pose a threat to coastal communities, leading to displacement and upheaval.
The consequences of such displacement are manifold, ranging from loss of livelihood to the destruction of infrastructure. For these reasons, the draft policy makes a compelling case for proactive measures to address coastal and river erosion and puts forward a comprehensive plan to mitigate its impact, with a focus on rehabilitation and resettlement.
Source: DTE