Nepal’s Snow Leopard Population Surges to 397

Recent findings show that Nepal is home to nearly 400 snow leopards. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) announced that there are 397 individuals, with a density of 1.56 per 100 square kilometres. This assessment is based on data collected from 2015 to 2024 across seven study regions. The research was coordinated by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and the Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC).

Survey Methodology

The assessment used innovative techniques to gather data. Camera traps were deployed to capture images of snow leopards in their natural habitat. Genetic analysis of scat samples provided additional vital information about population dynamics. This comprehensive approach allowed researchers to gain a clearer understanding of snow leopard distribution and density.

Habitat and Conservation Status

A portion of the snow leopard’s habitat in Nepal lies outside protected areas. Badri Raj Dhungana, Director General of DoFSC, emphasised the need for community-based initiatives. Strengthening habitat connectivity is vital for the species’ survival. Human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies are also crucial for cohabitation with local communities.

Global Context

Snow leopards inhabit 12 range countries across Asia but remain one of the least studied big cats. According to a 2021 WWF report, only 23 per cent of their global range has been systematically studied. Less than three per cent of this range has empirical data on population abundance. The International Union for Conservation of Nature categorises snow leopards as a vulnerable species.

Threats to Survival

Snow leopards face several threats including habitat loss, climate change, and poaching. As their habitats shrink, their populations become more vulnerable. The need for comprehensive conservation strategies is urgent. In comparison, India reported 718 snow leopards in January 2024, with only one-third of their habitat under legal protection.

Future Directions

Conservation efforts must evolve to address the unique challenges faced by snow leopards. Engaging local communities in conservation initiatives can encourage coexistence. Collaborative efforts between governmental and non-governmental organisations will be essential for effective management. Continued research is necessary to monitor population trends and assess the effectiveness of conservation measures.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of climate change on the habitat of snow leopards.
2. What are the primary conservation strategies for protecting endangered species like the snow leopard? Explain.
3. What is the significance of community-based conservation for wildlife? Provide suitable examples.
4. What role does habitat connectivity play in the survival of large carnivores? Discuss its importance in the context of snow leopards.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of climate change on the habitat of snow leopards.

1. Climate change leads to habitat degradation and loss, particularly in high-altitude regions where snow leopards reside.
2. Temperature increases can alter prey availability, affecting the snow leopard’s hunting success and survival rates.
3. Melting glaciers and changing precipitation patterns can disrupt the ecosystem dynamics of their mountainous habitats.
4. As climate change intensifies, human encroachment into snow leopard habitats may increase, leading to habitat fragmentation.
5. Overall, climate change poses a multifaceted threat that undermines the long-term viability of snow leopard populations.

2. What are the primary conservation strategies for protecting endangered species like the snow leopard? Explain.

1. Establishing protected areas to safeguard critical habitats from human activities and development.
2. Implementing community-based conservation initiatives to involve local populations in wildlife protection efforts.
3. Conducting regular population monitoring and research to inform conservation strategies and assess effectiveness.
4. Developing and enforcing anti-poaching laws to combat illegal hunting and trade of snow leopards.
5. Promoting habitat restoration and connectivity to ensure genetic diversity and resilience of populations.

3. What is the significance of community-based conservation for wildlife? Provide suitable examples.

1. Community-based conservation empowers local populations to actively participate in wildlife management, encouraging stewardship.
2. It enhances livelihoods through eco-tourism, providing economic incentives for conservation efforts, as seen in Nepal’s community-managed parks.
3. Such initiatives can reduce human-wildlife conflicts by involving communities in monitoring and protecting wildlife.
4. Successful examples include the Snow Leopard Conservancy, which engages local herders in snow leopard protection efforts.
5. Community involvement leads to greater awareness and cultural respect for wildlife, ensuring sustainable conservation practices.

4. What role does habitat connectivity play in the survival of large carnivores? Discuss its importance in the context of snow leopards.

1. Habitat connectivity allows large carnivores like snow leopards to move freely between fragmented habitats, essential for genetic diversity.
2. It facilitates access to prey and mating opportunities, which are crucial for population sustainability.
3. Connected landscapes help mitigate human-wildlife conflicts by providing alternative routes for wildlife to avoid populated areas.
4. In the context of snow leopards, maintaining corridors between protected areas is vital for their long-term survival and adaptability.
5. Conservation strategies that prioritize habitat connectivity can enhance resilience against environmental changes and human pressures.