Recent research has identified a new butterfly species in the Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot. Named *Zographetus mathewi*, this skipper butterfly enriches the genus *Zographetus* and marks the region’s unique ecological wealth.
Discovery and Identification
The species was found in low-elevation forests of Kerala. Initially mistaken for *Zographetus ogygia*, detailed examination revealed differences in wing venation and genital structure. These differences confirmed it as a new species. The discovery was published in the journal *Entomon* by scientists from the Travancore Nature History Society, Institute of Tropical Research, Ecology and Conservation, and the Zoological Survey of India.
Taxonomy and Naming
*Zographetus mathewi* belongs to the family Hesperiidae and the genus *Zographetus*, which now includes 15 species. It is the fifth species recorded in India. The species is named after George Mathew, a prominent Indian entomologist and former head of the Kerala Forest Research Institute’s Entomology Division. Its common name is Sahyadri Spotted Flitter, referring to the Western Ghats, locally called Sahyadri.
Physical Characteristics
This species is part of the *Zographetus satwa* group, distinguished by wing venation and male secondary sexual traits like swollen forewing veins. Unique features include a basal hair tuft on the underside of the forewing, yellow-ochre scaling on the hindwing underside, and distinct genitalia structures in both sexes. These traits separate it clearly from related species.
Habitat and Distribution
*Zographetus mathewi* is endemic to the Western Ghats and found only below 600 metres elevation. Though adult sightings are extremely rare, larvae and pupae were found in multiple forest areas across Kerala, such as Kallar, Shendurney, Edamalayar, and Nilambur. This suggests a wider but still restricted range within the biodiversity hotspot.
Ecological Significance
The larvae feed on *Aganope thyrsiflora*, a leguminous vine. This specific plant-host relationship indicates ecological specialization. The discovery marks the rich but underexplored insect diversity in the Western Ghats. It also emphasises the need for continued conservation of low-elevation forests in the region.
Research and Conservation Implications
The finding puts stress on the value of detailed morphological studies in identifying cryptic species. It also raises awareness about the fragility of endemic species with limited distribution. Protecting their habitats is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in one of the world’s key ecological hotspots.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the role of biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats in global conservation efforts. With suitable examples, explain the challenges faced in protecting endemic species.
- What are the ecological implications of species endemism in forest ecosystems? Comment on the importance of host-plant specificity in insect survival and adaptation.
- Explain the significance of morphological studies in taxonomy. How does accurate species identification aid in biodiversity conservation?
- Underline the impact of habitat fragmentation on species with restricted distribution. What measures can be implemented to conserve such species in India’s biodiversity hotspots?
