Recently, the Botanical Survey of India unveiled a groundbreaking report entitled ‘Rhododendrons of Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalaya- An Illustrated Account’. The document catalogues 45 taxa of rhododendrons, providing crucial insight into these beautiful and significant plants.
About Rhododendron
Rhododendron is a sprawling genus of flowering plants that boasts about 1,000 different species. These stunning plants are principally native to the temperate zones of Asia, North America, and Europe. However, they can also be found in the tropical areas of southeast Asia and northern Australia.
Rhododendrons are celebrated for their impressive clusters of bright, large flowers. As such, numerous species have been adopted as decorative plants in gardens and recreational green spaces. These flowers can flourish as evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees, featuring hardy, woody stems and broad, leathery leaves. In India, the Pink Rhododendron holds the title of state flower for Himachal Pradesh, while the Rhododendron arboreum is the official flower of Nagaland and the state tree of Uttarakhand.
Major Findings from the Report
As per the Botanical Survey of India’s latest report, the Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayas harbor more than one-third (34%) of all Indian rhododendron types. This is particularly noteworthy in light of the fact that these regions constitute a scant 0.3% of India’s geographical area.
India is currently host to 132 taxa of rhododendrons, including 80 species, 25 subspecies, and 27 varieties. However, the report has identified five of the 45 taxa listed as facing severe threats resulting from anthropogenic pressures and climate change. The five under threat include Rhododendron edgeworthii, Rhododendron niveum, Rhododendron baileyi, Rhododendron lindleyi, and Rhododendron maddenii.
Rhododendrons as Climate Change Indicators
Rhododendrons hold additional significance beyond their stunning beauty, as they are regarded as an indicator species for climate change. Scientific research indicates that some species of rhododendron have begun flowering as early as January, providing tangible evidence of changing climatic conditions.
This exploration of the world of rhododendrons, offered by the Botanical Survey of India’s valuable report, underscores their beauty, diversity, and importance within the natural world, especially in light of ongoing climate change. As we move forward, it will be imperative to employ this knowledge toward further research, conservation efforts, and sustainable practices.
