New Sanctions by EU and UK on Russia and India

The European Union and the United Kingdom recently commemorated the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine by imposing additional sanctions. These measures target individuals and entities allegedly supporting Russia’s military efforts and those circumventing existing sanctions. The sanctions are part of a broader strategy to hold Russia accountable for its actions in Ukraine.

Recent Sanctions Overview

On February 25, 2025, the EU announced its 16th package of sanctions, which included 83 new listings. This package consisted of 48 individuals and 35 entities, all facing asset freezes. The sanctions specifically target the owners and operators of Russia’s “shadow fleet” and those involved in the military-industrial complex. Additionally, 74 vessels were added to the sanctions list.

Impact on Indian Entities

The new sanctions have implications for Indian companies. Four Indian entities are now listed under EU sanctions. Pratik Corporation is the latest addition, involved in automotive applications and asset management services. Other sanctioned Indian firms include Innovio Ventures, Triac Electronics, and Si2 Microsystems Pvt Ltd, each sanctioned in previous months.

Broader International Context

The sanctions are not limited to Russian entities. The EU’s measures also target companies from various countries, including China, Kazakhstan, the UAE, Uzbekistan, Türkiye, and Singapore. This reflects a global effort to isolate Russia economically and politically.

UK’s Expanded Sanctions

On the same day, the UK introduced 107 new sanctions aimed at Russian entities and those connected to Moscow. This includes producers of dual-use goods, such as microprocessors used in weapon systems, and extends to non-Russian banks, notably OJSC Keremet Bank in Kyrgyzstan.

Future Implications

The continued imposition of sanctions indicates that both the EU and the UK remain committed to countering Russian aggression. The measures aim to disrupt the supply chains supporting the military and to penalise those facilitating Russia’s operations. The international community is watching closely as the situation evolves.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a tool for international diplomacy.
2. What are the implications of dual-use goods in the context of international security? Explain with examples.
3. Comment on the role of non-state actors in the Russia-Ukraine conflict and their impact on geopolitical stability.
4. What are the challenges faced by countries in enforcing sanctions against entities involved in military supply chains? Discuss.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a tool for international diplomacy.

1. Sanctions can pressure governments to change policies without military intervention.
2. They can isolate a nation economically, impacting trade and growth.
3. However, sanctions may also harm civilians more than the targeted regime.
4. Effectiveness can be undermined by countries that bypass sanctions.
5. Success often depends on international cooperation and enforcement consistency.

2. What are the implications of dual-use goods in the context of international security? Explain with examples.

1. Dual-use goods can serve both civilian and military purposes, complicating regulation.
2. Examples include microprocessors used in consumer electronics that can also be weaponized.
3. Proliferation of dual-use technologies can enhance military capabilities of rogue states.
4. Regulatory challenges arise in monitoring exports and preventing diversion to hostile entities.
5. International agreements are essential to manage and mitigate risks associated with dual-use goods.

3. Comment on the role of non-state actors in the Russia-Ukraine conflict and their impact on geopolitical stability.

1. Non-state actors can influence the conflict through support for either side, complicating peace efforts.
2. Groups like private military contractors can operate independently of state control.
3. They can exacerbate violence and prolong conflicts, affecting regional stability.
4. Non-state actors often engage in propaganda, shaping public perception and international response.
5. Their involvement can lead to fragmented power dynamics, making resolution more challenging.

4. What are the challenges faced by countries in enforcing sanctions against entities involved in military supply chains? Discuss.

1. Identifying and tracking entities that circumvent sanctions is complex and resource-intensive.
2. Globalization allows for easier evasion through third-party countries and shell companies.
3. Political will and cooperation among countries can vary, hindering unified enforcement.
4. Legal frameworks may not be robust enough to address rapid changes in supply chains.
5. Sanctioned entities can adapt quickly, finding alternative suppliers or markets, reducing effectiveness.