The recent proposal by a local non-governmental organization (NGO) regarding massive plantation of exotic trees in the Nilgiri region has sparked quite a debate. While exotic plants are those introduced outside their native habitats intentionally or inadvertently, their impact on the environment, soil chemistry, and wildlife can be profound. The argument against such plantations forms the crux of the conservationist approach as they believe these plantations could harm the environment significantly in the long run.
The Impact of Exotic Plantation
Planting exotic trees alters the natural ecosystem in several ways. When these plants take root in a specific area, they escalate the demand for water in that region. This phenomenon would not only affect the Nilgiris but also other districts downstream that depend on the rivers originating from these hills. Another knock-on effect is seen in the local wildlife, which tends to leave such areas due to altered habitats.
The Justification and Counter-Argument for Exotic Trees
Advocates for exotic tree cultivation argue that these trees can enhance soil stability, particularly on slopes where they are planted. However, conservationists counter this argument by pointing out the shallow roots of these exotic trees that make them vulnerable to high-velocity winds and heavy rain, typical of Nilgiris monsoons. As a result, these trees often get uprooted, further destabilizing the soil instead of consolidating it.
Government Policy Recommendation
A government policy favoring the plantation of native flora in public spaces in the Nilgiris could be a solution. Such a policy would recognize the region’s ecological importance and unique biodiversity, thus conserving its delicate balance.
| Region | Local Name |
|---|---|
| Maharashtra | Sahyadri |
| Karnataka & Tamil Nadu | Nilgiri Hills |
| Kerala | Anaimalai Hills and Cardamom Hills |
The Nilgiri Hills and the Unique Sholas
The Western Ghats, which are part of the Nilgiri Hills, are known by distinctive local names across different states. The high-altitude temperate forests in these regions, referred to as ‘Sholas,’ serve as a critical habitat for several endemic and endangered species of plants and animals. Found only in the tropical regions over 1500 meters high, these forests feature undulating grassland patches punctuated with thickets of stunted evergreen tree species. Besides housing diverse life forms, they play a crucial role in maintaining water cycles. However, Shola trees are high-maintenance and require significant post-planting care to survive. Notably, establishing and maintaining a Shola nursery is a challenging task due to the slow growth rate of these trees.