The population of the Nilgiri Tahr, a species of mountain goat native to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern part of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, has seen a significant increase in recent years. According to data from the Mukurthi National Park in Tamil Nadu, the population rose from 568 in 2018 to 612 in 2019, marking a nearly 27% increase over the last three years. This increase in population has contributed towards a healthier sex ratio that is slightly skewed in favor of female goats.
About Nilgiri Tahr
The Nilgiri Tahr, also known as the Nilgiri Ibex, is listed as “Endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and enjoys the highest level of protection under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972. Adult males of the species are often referred to as “Saddlebacks” due to a light grey area or “saddle” on their backs. This unique mammal, which lives in open montane grassland habitats within rainforest ecoregions, is the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
Threats to the Nilgiri Tahr
Despite the recent positive trend, the Nilgiri Tahr still faces several threats. The loss of habitat, mainly due to domestic livestock and the spread of invasive plants, is a primary concern. Poaching is another grave issue. Additionally, the fact that the populations of these animals are small and isolated makes them vulnerable to local extinction. Climate change is also a factor that threatens the survival of this unique species.
| Factor | Impact |
| Habitat Loss | High |
| Poaching | High |
| Climate Change | Moderate |
| Isolated Populations | High |
Mukurthi National Park and Conservation Efforts
Mukurthi National Park, situated in the northwest corner of Tamil Nadu in the Western Ghats, was established specifically to protect the Nilgiri Tahr. This park consists of montane grasslands and shrublands, alternated with sholas, in a high-altitude area characterized by high rainfall, near-freezing temperatures, and strong winds.
Aside from the Nilgiri Tahr, the park is also home to several other endangered species including the royal Bengal tiger and the Asian elephant. Formerly known as the Nilgiri Tahr National Park, it forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, one of India’s most extensive wildlife ecosystems which also includes Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Bandipur National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, and Silent Valley.
Maintaining an increase in the population of the Nilgiri Tahr involves keeping the national park closed to tourists to minimize human interference and combating the spread of invasive flora. These measures, along with ongoing monitoring and conservation efforts, play a crucial role in ensuring the survival and growth of this endangered species.