Operation Sankalp

Operation Sankalp is counter-insurgency initiative launched in Chhattisgarh’s Bijapur district. This operation targets Naxalite insurgents in the region. It began on April 21, 2025, and has resulted in numerous encounters between security forces and Naxalites. The operation involves multiple security units working collaboratively to dismantle the Maoist presence in the area.

Background of Operation Sankalp

Operation Sankalp aims to curb the influence of Naxalite groups in the Bastar region. The operation was initiated following intelligence reports about the presence of senior Maoist leaders. The area is known for its dense forests, which provide cover for insurgents. The operation covers approximately 800 square kilometres along the inter-state border between Chhattisgarh and Telangana.

Key Developments

Since the operation commenced, there have been at least 35 encounters with Naxalites. As of now, 26 bodies of insurgents have been recovered. Security forces have also seized around 40 firearms and over 400 improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Additionally, more than six tonnes of supplies have been confiscated. This includes ration items and medical supplies believed to support Maoist operations.

Security Forces Involved

The operation consists of approximately 28,000 personnel from various security units. This includes the District Reserve Guard (DRG), Special Task Force (STF), and the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). The elite CoBRA unit is also actively involved. Their combined efforts aim to locate and neutralise Naxalite hideouts.

Recent Encounters and Casualties

The most recent encounter resulted in the death of 22 Naxalites. The identity of these individuals is still being confirmed. Previous encounters have also seen the elimination of high-profile Naxalite figures, including women fighters with rewards on their heads. Security personnel have faced injuries due to IED blasts, but all injured members are reported to be in stable condition.

Impact on Maoist Operations

The operation has led to the destruction of numerous Naxalite bunkers and hideouts. Intelligence suggests that several senior Maoist leaders have been killed or injured. However, some have managed to escape deeper into the forest. The ongoing operation aims to further weaken the Maoist infrastructure in the region.

Future Prospects

As Operation Sankalp continues, authorities remain cautious about disclosing specific details for security reasons. The operation is expected to evolve based on intelligence inputs and the changing dynamics of the insurgency. The ongoing efforts reflect a commitment to restoring stability in the Bastar region.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically examine the socio-economic impact of Naxalite insurgency on rural development in India.
2. Discuss in the light of historical context the evolution of Maoist movements in India.
3. What are the implications of counter-insurgency operations on human rights? Explain with examples.
4. What is the role of intelligence in counter-insurgency operations? How does it influence operational success?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically examine the socio-economic impact of Naxalite insurgency on rural development in India.

1. Naxalite insurgency disrupts agricultural activities, leading to food insecurity in rural areas.
2. It hampers infrastructure development, as projects are often stalled due to violence and intimidation.
3. Local economies suffer from loss of investment and tourism, reducing job opportunities.
4. Education and healthcare services are adversely affected, limiting access to essential services.
5. Increased militarization in affected areas can lead to social unrest and community displacement.

2. Discuss in the light of historical context the evolution of Maoist movements in India.

1. The roots of Maoist movements can be traced back to the Naxalbari uprising in West Bengal in 1967.
2. They evolved in response to socio-economic inequalities and agrarian distress faced by rural populations.
3. The formation of the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004 marked consolidation of Maoist factions.
4. The movements have adapted over time, incorporating local grievances and using guerrilla warfare tactics.
5. Government responses have oscillated between military action and developmental initiatives, impacting the movement’s trajectory.

3. What are the implications of counter-insurgency operations on human rights? Explain with examples.

1. Counter-insurgency operations can lead to human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings and torture.
2. Innocent civilians may be caught in crossfire or wrongly targeted, leading to loss of life and property.
3. Forced displacements occur as security forces conduct operations in civilian areas, affecting livelihoods.
4. Examples include incidents in Chhattisgarh where security forces have been accused of excessive force against local populations.
5. Human rights organizations often criticize counter-insurgency tactics, advocating for accountability and transparency.

4. What is the role of intelligence in counter-insurgency operations? How does it influence operational success?

1. Intelligence is crucial for identifying insurgent hideouts and planning successful operations.
2. Effective intelligence gathering helps in understanding the organizational structure and strategies of insurgents.
3. Real-time information can prevent ambushes and minimize casualties among security forces.
4. Intelligence failures can lead to operational setbacks, as seen in past encounters with Naxalites.
5. Collaboration with local communities can enhance intelligence quality, leading to more effective counter-insurgency measures.