The recent discovery of the Ophiocordyceps nutans fungus in Central India, specifically within the Kanger Valley National Park in Bastar, Chhattisgarh, has caught the attention of researchers. Previously, this species was identified solely in India’s Western Ghats region.
Ophiocordyceps Nutans and Its Unique Host
Ophiocordyceps nutans has a peculiar relationship with a specific insect – the Halyomorpha halys or better known as the stink bug. As a pest to both agricultural crops and forest trees, the stink bug poses significant threats by damaging the flowers and fruits of different plants, including soybeans, green beans, apples, pears, among others.
This parasitic fungus infects its host while it is alive. It develops its vegetative part, the fungal mycelium, within the insect’s thorax, or chest area. The fungus then sprouts spores which are single-celled reproductive units, between the insect’s thorax and head. This process sadly kills the insect, and the fungus continues to draw nutrition from the dead body. This fungi is host-specific, their spores travel and infect stink bugs exclusively.
The Potential Uses and Importance of Ophiocordyceps Nutans
According to studies, these fungi could potentially be used as biological pest control agents against stink bugs, thus contributing significantly to pest management strategies. The exploration of these fungi as a substitute for chemical pesticides may lead to a reduction of harmful effects on fields where they are applied.
Ophiocordyceps nutans is also recognized for its medicinal properties. Local communities in the Western Ghats have long been using these fungi as an immune stimulator. These are rich in biologically active metabolites, vitamin C, disinfectant phenolic compounds, and also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A compound called ‘cordycepin’, which has been found to possess anti-cancer properties, is present in these fungi. Such uses have also been reported in China.
About Kanger Valley National Park
Kanger Valley National Park derives its name from the Kanger River which flows centrally from northwest to southeast. Among the very few perennial rivers of Bastar, Kanger River holds a special place. The national park status was granted to Kanger Valley in 1982.
This park, spanning over an area of 200 sq. km., is a mixed humid deciduous type forest, home to Sal, Saugaun, teak and bamboo trees in abundance. The state bird of Chattisgarh, the Bastar Hill Myna, known for its ability to emulate human voices, is one of the star species of the area. Apart from this, the park also hosts numerous other resident and migrant bird species.
Geologically, the park boasts three exceptional caves – Kutumbasar, Kailash, and Dandak, noted for their fascinating stalagmites and stalactites structures. The park is also known for its underground limestone caves, further adding to its unique biodiversity.
The discovery of Ophiocordyceps nutans in this environment opens new doors to biological research, pest control methods and potentially even human health advancements. This region continues to be a valuable space for exploration and discovery.