The recent Jallikattu events in Tamil Nadu have resulted in over 100 injuries, bringing this traditional bull-taming sport into the limelight again. Held annually as part of the harvest festival Pongal, Jallikattu has been a matter of controversy and discussion due to concerns related to human safety and animal welfare.
Understanding Jallikattu
Jallikattu, a conventional sport, requires participants to pounce on a running bull, attempting to hold onto its hump and move with the beast without falling or getting injured. More than just a display of bravery or physical strength, this event is deeply rooted in Tamil culture that traces back to an old tradition.
Ancient Origins of Jallikattu
Jallikattu’s antiquity can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilisation. Among the artefacts excavated from Mohenjodaro, a seal depicting bull-taming, thought to be between 2,500 BC and 1,800 BC, provides a historical reference. Historically called Eru Thazhuvuthal, which translates to “embracing the bull,” the sport earned its modern name from two Tamil words: ‘salli kaasu’ (coins) and ‘kattu’ (a package). This refers to the prize money traditionally tied to the horns of the bulls.
Controversies Surrounding Jallikattu
Despite its cultural significance, Jallikattu has been surrounded by controversies. In 2014, the Supreme Court banned the event citing animal cruelty, in response to pleas from the Animal Welfare Board of India and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). The state government opposed this, asserting Jallikattu’s importance to Tamil Nadu’s cultural identity. In response to widespread protests in Chennai, the ban was lifted in 2017. Despite measures to monitor the treatment of bulls and safeguard participants and audiences, critics argue that animal abuse persists.
Comparative Table: Jallikattu and Kambala
| Aspect | Jallikattu | Kambala |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Tamil Nadu | Coastal Karnataka |
| Animal Used | Bull | Buffalo |
| Season | Pongal festival (January) | November to March |
| Controversies | Concerns about human safety and animal welfare | Alleged cruelty on animals not physiologically suited for racing |
Other Traditional Sports: Case of Kambala
Like Jallikattu, other traditional sports have also come under scrutiny over concerns of animal welfare. For instance, Kambala, a traditional buffalo race held in coastal Karnataka from November to March is another sport that has been criticized. PETA alleges that Kambala involves cruel practices on animals who are not physiologically designed for racing.
