Rogan Art, an ancient Persian tradition of hand painting on cloth, has recently been thrust into the limelight. The centuries-old art form is currently facing a significant threat due to the global pandemic. Passed down through generations, this unique craft is now practiced by only one Muslim family, the Khatris, residing in the Nirona Village of Gujarat, India.
The term ‘Rogan’ translates to ‘Oil’ in Persian. Brought to Kutch approximately 300 years ago, the technique links back to its origins in Persia. The singular existence of the Khatris practicing this rare craft represents a crucial cultural preservation effort.
Technique and Materials Used in Rogan Art
Rogan art is a specific form of textile painting. It features richly pigmented paint derived from castor oil and natural colors. Castor, a commonly cultivated crop in the Kutch region of Gujarat, serves as the primary resource for the artists. They source their supplies directly from local farmers.
The intricate motifs used in Rogan art, including geometric flowers, peacocks, and the symbolic Tree of Life, reflect the history and folk culture of the Kutch region. The paint, made from castor paste mixed with natural colors, is drawn out into a fine ‘thread’ using a metal stylus or ‘Kalam’. Interestingly, the metal rod never touches the fabric during the painting process.
The Process of Rogan Painting
To create the vibrant patterns, artists meticulously twist the paint across the fabric. Afterward, they fold the fabric, producing a mirror image of the design. The final details are added later, completing the Rogan painting. This eye-catching practice emphasizes detail and precision, creating visually stunning pieces that captivate viewers.
The ‘Tree of Life’ design is a standout in Rogan painting. This pattern takes inspiration from traditional Persian designs and has not only gained national recognition but also international fame.
Recognition and Accomplishments
Rogan art received global attention when the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted pieces to then USA President Barack Obama during his visit in 2014. This instance brought notable recognition to the art form and its practitioners. Demonstrating artistic excellence, the nine artists from the Khatri family collectively hold six national awards and six state awards.
Other Noteworthy Painting Styles in India
In addition to Rogan art, India hosts various other compelling painting styles unique to their regions. These include the Kangra Miniature Painting from Himachal Pradesh, Pattachitra Painting from Odisha, Thanjavur Painting from Tamil Nadu, Kishangarh school of Painting from Rajasthan (with the famous “Bani Thani” style), Kalamkari Painting from Andhra Pradesh, Madhubani Painting from Bihar, and Warli Painting from Maharashtra. Each of these styles contributes to India’s rich tapestry of diverse art forms.
By understanding and appreciating the intricacies of Rogan art, we can contribute to its preservation for future generations. As the world continues to grapple with the pandemic, it’s essential to support and protect these traditional art forms representing centuries of cultural heritage.
