The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), which operates under the Ministry of Culture, is the premier organization for the archaeological research and protection of the nation’s cultural heritage. The ASI administers more than 3,650 ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and remains of significant national importance. Founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham who is often recognized as the “Father of Indian Archaeology,” the ASI has been entrusted with maintaining the archaeological undertakings within India as per the provisions of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1958.
Religious Practices at ASI-Protected Monuments: The Current Policy
Currently, the ASI allows worship and rituals only at those monuments where such traditions were ongoing when the ASI assumed custodianship. Of the 3,693 centrally protected monuments and archaeological sites managed by the ASI, approximately a quarter (820) are places of worship while the others are classified as non-living monuments where no new religious rituals can be initiated or conducted. This rule aims to maintain the historical and cultural integrity of these sites which include diverse religious structures like temples, mosques, dargahs, and churches.
Issues Faced By Indian Heritage Conservation
A recent instance in May 2022 highlighted an issue concerning religious practices at ASI-protected sites. Prayers held at the 8th-century Martand Sun Temple in Jammu and Kashmir sparked concerns as it was deemed a violation of ASI regulations for non-living monuments. The Martand Sun Temple, which was once a bustling place of worship, was ravaged in the 14th century and taken under ASI control in the 20th century. No puja or Hindu ritual was held at the location since it fell under ASI’s protection.
Parliament Committee’s Suggestions For Heritage Management
In response to the matter, a parliament committee presented a report on ‘Issues relating to Untraceable Monuments and Protection of Monuments in India’, suggesting significant changes in the ASI’s stance towards religious activities at protected monuments. The committee proposed considering the permission of prayers and worship at all ASI-protected monuments with religious significance.
Concerns and Implications of the Committee’s Recommendations
While the committee’s recommendations offer a potential shift in policy, they also raise concerns about the possible impact on various religious sites. It is feared that allowing religious activities may jeopardize the integrity, authenticity, and historical value of the monuments. These sites could be subjected to alterations, additions, modifications, or damage by devotees or authorities. Further, it might lead to conflicts and disputes among different religious groups, who may claim ownership or rights over the monuments, or object to other group’s activities.
The Role and Importance of Transparency and Accountability in Monument Protection
The committee further emphasized the need for transparency and accountability in addressing critical issues related to monument protection. It recommended that the Ministry of Culture and ASI conduct prompt surveys to identify monuments and make their findings public.
ASI’s Vital Role in Preserving Art Heritage: UPSC Civil Services Examination Perspective
The importance of safeguarding the Indian Art Heritage has been stressed in previous UPSC Civil Services Examinations. The examination has sought discussions on how Indian philosophy and tradition have significantly influenced the conception and shaping of Indian monuments and their art. This underscores the pivotal role played by agencies like ASI in preserving and promoting India’s rich cultural heritage.
