A groundbreaking study challenges conventional wisdom, asserting that carbon dioxide (CO2), not water vapor, is the force behind basaltic volcanic eruptions. Researchers examining Pico do Fogo, a highly active ocean island volcano, detected unusually high CO2 levels originating from the mantle depths, rather than water vapor. This revelation offers insight into magma’s origin, flow, and eruption triggers, aiding mitigation efforts. However, more research is needed to comprehend basaltic eruptions fully. Another study by Ehime University unveiled higher ferric and ferrous oxide levels in the mantle, implying deeper magma formation. This discovery could reshape understanding of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core formation.
Prelims pointer
- Pico do Fogo: Among the world’s most active ocean island volcanoes, Pico do Fogo is located on an island off West Africa’s coast. Research there revealed that CO2, not water vapor, propels basaltic eruptions. This volcano is an essential case study for understanding volcanic processes.
- Basaltic Volcanoes: These volcanoes predominantly emit basaltic lava, characterized by its fluidity. The discovery that CO2 drives their eruptions challenges prior assumptions and could alter how volcanic risk assessments are conducted.
- Ferric and Ferrous Oxides: These are chemical compounds of iron and oxygen. The presence of higher levels of ferric and ferrous oxides in the mantle provides insight into magma formation and composition, indicating processes occurring at substantial depths beneath Earth’s surface.
- Magma Ocean: Refers to a hypothetical early stage in Earth’s history when the planet’s surface was molten. The elevated ferric oxide levels in the magma ocean compared to the mantle have implications for understanding Earth’s formation and differentiation.
- Mitigation Process: In the context of volcanoes, mitigation involves efforts to reduce the impact of eruptions on human lives, infrastructure, and the environment. The newfound understanding of CO2’s role in eruptions could lead to improved strategies for minimizing volcanic hazards