The article begins by illuminating on the life and contributions of Babu Jagjivan Ram, an eminent national leader and a freedom fighter who relentlessly crusaded for social justice. He was an unparalleled political figure who worked towards uplifting the depressed classes and made significant contributions both pre and post-independence. The prime minister remembered him on his 115th birthday anniversary as an outstanding parliamentarian and champion of the less fortunate.
Early Life of Jagjivan Ram
Born in a Dalit family on 5th April 1908 in Bihar’s Chandwa, Jagjivan Ram experienced caste-based discrimination from an early age. Despite facing prejudice in school due to his ‘untouchable’ status, Jagjivan exhibited a rebellious spirit and protested against such discriminatory practices. Notably, he protested against a separate water pot system for Dalits in his school, leading to its removal.
Jagjivan Ram continued his education at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), where he met and was profoundly influenced by the scholar Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. However, even at BHU, he continued to face discrimination, strengthening his resolve to protest against such social injustices. He later attended the University of Calcutta, graduating with a B.Sc. degree in 1931.
Influence and Contributions: Pre-Independence Era
In 1931, Jagjivan Ram became a member of the Indian National Congress. He played a pivotal role in founding the All India Depressed Classes League, an organisation aimed at achieving equality for untouchables in 1934-35.
Jagjivan Ram proactively worked towards breaking down societal barriers, proposing in 1935 that drinking water wells and temples be open to untouchables. He also appeared before the Hammond Commission, demanding voting rights for Dalits for the first time. His active participation in the Quit India Movement against British rule led to his imprisonment twice in the 1940s.
Post-Independence Contributions
Post-independence, Jagjivan Ram held several key positions in Jawaharlal Nehru’s cabinet, including labour (until 1952), communications (1952–56), transport and railways (1956–62), and transport and communications (1962–63). He was also appointed as minister for food and agriculture (1967–70) and minister of defence in 1970. Under his leadership, the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 was fought.
Jagjivan Ram later left Congress in 1977 to join the Janata Party alliance, subsequently serving as Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1977 to 79.
Legacy: Unprecedented Parliamentary Excellence
Jagjivan Ram’s stellar parliamentary career spanned over 40 years, from 1936 to 1986, earning him a place in the global record books. Additionally, his tenure as a cabinet minister in India (30-years) too is unparalleled in the country’s history.
Jagjivan Ram passed away on 6th July 1986 in New Delhi. His cremation site is now commemorated as ‘Samta Sthal’ or ‘Place of Equality’, echoing his lifelong commitment to equity and justice. His life and work continue to inspire generations, underscoring the need for equal rights and opportunities for all, irrespective of their social status.