The article begins with acknowledging the significance of the Indian diaspora and their vast presence across the globe. The different classifications such as Non-Resident Indians (NRI), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) are discussed. Further, the role of the Indian diaspora in enhancing India’s soft power, along with economic contributions, is highlighted.
Introduction to Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas (PBD)
Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas (PBD) is a convention that has been growing in size and importance since its inception in 2003. The 17th edition was recently inaugurated by the Prime Minister in Madhya Pradesh. Initially an annual event, PBD turned into a biennial affair in 2015, thus marking a significant milestone in the engagement of the Indian diaspora.
Understanding the Term Diaspora and Its Origin
The word ‘diaspora’ originates from the Greek term ‘diaspeiro’, meaning dispersion. It refers to people who have migrated from their homeland to other countries. The Indian diaspora has seen exponential growth since the ‘Girmitiya’ arrangement, where the first batch of Indians was sent to the eastern pacific and Caribbean islands as indentured labourers.
Classifications within the Indian Diaspora
The Indian diaspora can be classified into Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs). These designations help in understanding the relationship of these individuals with India and their current country of residence. Each category has specific criteria and qualifications, and it’s important to understand the nuances of each.
Geographical Spread of the Indian Diaspora
According to the World Migration Report of 2022, India topped the list of countries with the largest emigrant population in 2020. The geographical spread of the Indian diaspora is vast, with over 10 lakh overseas Indians residing in countries including the United States, UK, UAE, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Kuwait, and Canada.
Remittances from the Indian Diaspora
The World Bank Migration and Development Brief released in 2022 reports that India is poised to receive over USD 100 billion in yearly remittances. This places India at the forefront among remittance recipient countries such as China, Mexico, Philippines, and Egypt.
Significance of the Indian Diaspora
The Indian diaspora plays a pivotal role in enhancing India’s soft power. This “diaspora diplomacy” involves acting as “bridge-builders” between their home and adopted countries. The diaspora also offers economic contributions by sending remittances back home, which positively impacts India’s Balance of Payments (BOP) and helps offset a broader trade deficit. Furthermore, migration of less-skilled labor, especially to West Asia, has contributed to reducing disguised unemployment in India.
