Recent advances have led to the development of a sensitive and affordable point-of-care device. This device uses an electrochemical biosensor to detect endotoxins rapidly. Early diagnosis of sepsis is vital as it can prevent severe complications and reduce mortality. The device offers quick bedside testing, improving patient outcomes .
About Sepsis and Its Biomarkers
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by infection. It can cause organ failure and death if untreated. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Endotoxin, a component of Gram-negative bacteria, serves as a key biomarker. Detecting endotoxin helps identify infections that may lead to sepsis.
Development of Electrochemical Sensors
Scientists at the National Institute of Technology Calicut designed eight sensor architectures. Seven use electrochemical detection; one uses optical detection. Nanomaterials like gold nanoparticles, copper oxide, molybdenum disulphide, and carbon nanotubes enhance sensitivity. These materials improve the sensor’s ability to detect minute endotoxin levels.
Sensor Design and Selectivity
The sensors use specific binding agents like LPS-binding aptamers and polymyxin B. These agents improve selectivity for endotoxins. The sensors detect endotoxin even in complex fluids such as blood, insulin, and fruit juices. Recovery rates showed less than 2% error, indicating high accuracy.
Applications Beyond Sepsis Detection
Two sensors can detect Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli in water. Their performance matches traditional biological methods but with faster results. This ability supports water quality monitoring and public health safety.
Point-of-Care Device Prototype
The team developed a portable device integrating the electrochemical sensor chip. It provides results within 10 minutes using blood serum samples. The device operates via an Android smartphone interface for easy use. Calibration plots confirm its accuracy in detecting endotoxin in blood and other samples.
Research Impact and Future Directions
This research is backed by the Department of Science and Technology’s Nano Mission. It has produced multiple publications in international journals and a granted patent. The team aims to enhance the device’s sensitivity and selectivity. Future improvements will make it more effective for bedside sepsis diagnosis.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically discuss the role of biosensors in improving healthcare diagnostics and their impact on public health management.
- Examine the challenges and opportunities in developing point-of-care medical devices for rural and remote areas.
- Analyse the significance of early diagnosis in infectious diseases. How can technology aid in reducing mortality rates?
- Estimate the environmental and health implications of waterborne pathogens. Discuss the role of rapid detection methods in ensuring water safety.
