This article sheds light on the celebration of the 400th birth anniversary of Lachit Borphukan, the 17th-century Ahom general touted as a symbol of India’s self-reliant military strength. We shall delve into his life, the significant Battle of Saraighat, and the history of the Ahom Kingdom that ruled Assam for six centuries.
About Lachit Borphukan
Born on 24th November 1622, Lachit Borphukan was a renowned figure best known for leading the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. This significant battle saw the defeat of the Mughal forces attempting to capture Assam, thus safeguarding sovereignty.
Beyond his military leadership, Borphukan was instrumental in strengthening India’s naval power. He revitalised inland water transport and cultivated associated infrastructure, actions guided by his deep understanding of naval strategies. His heroic deeds and sacrifices continue to inspire India’s defence personnel today – the National Defence Academy’s highest honour, ‘Lachit Borphukan Gold Medal,’ was instituted in his name in 1999. Borphukan passed away on 25th April 1672.
The Battle of Saraighat
The Battle of Saraighat took place along the Brahmaputra banks in Guwahati in 1671. It is hailed as one of the most significant naval battles fought on a river, leading to the victory of the Ahoms over the Mughals.
The Ahom Kingdom: A Snapshot
Founded by the 13th-century ruler Chaolung Sukapha, the Ahom kingdom governed Assam for six centuries until British India annexed the province in 1826.
Political Structure of Ahom Kingdom
In establishing their reign, the Ahoms dismantled the existing political system controlled by bhuiyans, or landlords. The Ahom state was labour-intensive, relying heavily on its paiks or forced labourers for operation.
Society and Culture of the Ahoms
Ahom society, segmented into clans or khels, managed numerous villages. Although they worshipped tribal gods, they accepted Hinduism, the Assamese language, and local customs, thereby integrating themselves into Assamese culture.
Despite adopting Hinduism, the Ahom kings never entirely abandoned their traditional beliefs. Over time, intermarriage with locals fostered cultural assimilation.
The Ahom Kingdom also contributed significantly to art and culture. Land grants were issued to poets and scholars, and theatrical arts were actively promoted. Notably, important Sanskrit works were translated into local languages, and historical works known as buranjis were written initially in Ahom and later in Assamese.
Military Strategy of the Ahom Kingdom
In the Ahom Kingdom, the king served as both the supreme commander of the state and military. In times of war, he personally led the forces, backed primarily by the paiks. The Ahom Army’s full contingent included infantry, navy, artillery, elephantry, cavalry, and spies.
The Ahoms’ military tactics were tactful and advanced. They would send spies to enemy camps for intel, used guerilla warfare tactics, and gave importance to unity in the civil and military wings. Major forts included Chamdhara, Saraighat, Simlagarh, Kaliabar, Kajali, and Pandu. The Ahoms had also mastered the construction of boatbridges across the Brahmaputra, solidifying their naval prowess.
The story of Lachit Borphukan and the Ahom Kingdom offers a rich narrative of India’s history, positioning them as symbols of India’s military strength, resilience and cultural heritage.