The Prime Minister recently commemorated Guru Gobind Singh’s birth anniversary, bringing the focus once again on the last of the ten Sikh Gurus. Born in Patna, Bihar on 22nd December, 1666, Guru Gobind Singh had significant contributions that shaped Sikh religion, society, and literature against a backdrop of martial valor.
About Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh’s birth anniversary is determined based on the Nanakshahi calendar. In 2021, it was observed on January 20, whereas in the previous year, it fell on January 2. Following his father Guru Tegh Bahadur’s death, he assumed the role of the Sikh guru at a tender age of nine. Tragically, he was assassinated in 1708.
Religious Contributions
He is revered for his distinct contributions to the Sikh religion. Besides introducing the custom of wearing a turban to cover hair, he established the principles of Khalsa or the Five ‘K’s. These are Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (wooden comb), Kara (iron or steel bracelet), Kirpan (dagger), and Kachera (short breeches). He prescribed these five articles of faith as mandatory wear for every Khalsa, establishing a unique identity.
Furthermore, he laid down guidelines for the Khalsa warriors. They were encouraged to abstain from tobacco, alcohol, halal meat, etc., promoting a disciplined lifestyle. It also became their duty to shield innocent people from oppression. Guru Gobind Singh then named Guru Granth Sahib, the religious scripture of the Sikhs and the Khalsas, as the successor Guru of the two communities.
Martial Achievements
Guru Gobind Singh’s martial prowess is evident from his valiant stance against the Mughals in the Battle of Muktsar in 1705. In the gruesome Battle of Anandpur in 1704, he suffered personal losses with his mother and two minor sons being executed. His eldest son also succumbed to injuries received during a battle.
Literary Contributions
Apart from his religious and martial contributions, Guru Gobind Singh is also known for his literary forte. He penned down Jaap Sahib, Benti Chaupai, and Amrit Savaiye. Furthermore, he wrote the Zafarnama, a letter addressed to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. These literary works bear testimony to his intellect, wisdom, and poetic excellence.
Guru Gobind Singh’s life and work continue to inspire Sikhs worldwide, instilling values of bravery, discipline, and faith. His birth anniversary serves as a reminder of his unparalleled contributions to society, religion, and literature.
