India’s political landscape is permeated with stories of within heroes who fought bravely to attain freedom and strove to make society more equitable. One such figure is Mannathu Padmanabhan, popularly known as the ‘Madan Mohan Malaviya of Kerala’, whose life continues to inspire millions. The journey from his humble beginnings in Perunna, Kottayam district of Kerala, where he was born on 2nd January 1878, to becoming a significant Indian social reformer and freedom fighter, is indeed an extraordinary one.
Professional Journey and Early Career
Mannathu Padmanabhan’s professional journey began in 1893 when he started working as a teacher in a government primary school. However, by 1905, he decided to shift his career trajectory and tread the path of law in Magistrates Courts.
Political and Social Contributions
Padmanabhan’s political and social efforts were directed towards achieving justice and equality for everyone regardless of their social standing. He played a crucial role in two major temple-entry Satyagrahas—Vaikom (1924) and Guruvayoor (1931)—and was also instrumental in leading anti-untouchability agitations.
The Vaikom Satyagraha took place near the Shiva Temple in Vaikom, Kottayam district, Kerala and sought to ensure temple entry for the depressed classes. Similarly, Guruvayur Satyagraha was a non-violent protest aimed at granting access to untouchables into the Guruvayur Temple in present Thrissur district.
Besides, Padmanabhan actively tried to reform the Nair community. From persuading them to stop practicing harmful and orthodox customs to leading them to demand temple entry for all castes, he has been a moral guide for them.
Establishing the Nair Service Society and Other Noteworthy Contributions
In 1914, Padmanabhan established the Nair Service Society, marking his commitment to upliftment of the Nair community. His political journey reached a new phase when he joined the Indian National Congress in 1946 and participated in agitations against Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer’s administration in Travancore.
His arrest on 14th June 1947 as part of the Indian Freedom Movement reflects his deep-seated dedication to his country. Subsequent to India gaining independence, Padmanabhan became a member of the Travancore Legislative Assembly in 1949. His prominent role in the formation of Kerala Congress in 1964, India’s first regional party, is another significant contribution to Indian politics.
Awards, Recognition and Death
For his impactful service, Padmanabhan received the Padma Bhushan in 1966 and was also conferred with the title Bharata Kesari by the President of India. After a lifetime dedicated to societal betterment and political transformation, Padmanabhan breathed his last on 25th February 1970 at the age of 92. The Mannam memorial, his Samādhi, located at NSS Headquarters Changanacherry in Kottayam district, Kerala, stands as a testimony to his monumental contributions.