In this article, we delve into the life and times of Maharaja Surajmal, focusing on his significant contributions as a leader, his military career, and his role in the historic Third Battle of Panipat.
Introduction: Remembering Maharaja Surajmal
The name of Maharaja Surajmal is etched into the pages of Indian history. Recently, tributes were paid to him by the Prime Minister on his Jayanti. Born in the 18th century to Jat chieftain Badan Singh, Maharaja Surajmal was not just a ruler but a great leader, esteemed fighter, clever diplomat, and highly regarded statesman. He’s been described as “the Plato of the Jat people” and the “Jat Odysseus”, highlighting his political acumen, stable intellect, and clear vision.
Maharaja Surajmal: Early Life and Rule
Maharaja Surajmal devoted his rule to uniting varied factions of Hindus and Muslims and maintaining harmony among them. He was instrumental in preserving historical monuments regardless of their religious origin and was known for appointing individuals based on their abilities rather than their race. The King valued humanity above all and built his kingdom on the idea of India as one integrated nation. Farmers held a central place in Maharaja Surajmal’s administration, and he actively worked on addressing their issues. In recognition of his contributions, several institutions like the Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology and Maharaja Surajmal Brij University, Bharatpur have been named after him.
Military Career of Maharaja Surajmal
Maharaja Surajmal shared a good rapport with Maharaja Jai Singh of Jaipur. Upon Jai Singh’s demise, his sons engaged in a power struggle for the throne. Maharaja Surajmal intervened, supporting Ishwari Singh, the elder son. The dispute was settled in March 1747 with Ishwari Singh emerging victorious. However, the rivalry continued, with Madho Singh seeking support from Marathas, Rathores, and Sisodia Kings of Udaipur. Surajmal backed Ishwari Singh with an army of 10,000 soldiers, resulting in Ishwari’s eventual victory.
Expanding the Borders
Maharaja Surajmal’s military prowess led to an expansion of his kingdom. He defeated the Mughal army of Salabat Khan, allowing him to extend his influence over Delhi and Feroz Shah Kotla. Unfortunately, this expansion sparked resentment among other rulers, leading the Marathas to attack Bharatpur. Despite a prolonged assault, the impregnable Lohagarh Fort built by Maharaja Surajmal remained unconquered, highlighting his strategic excellence.
Maharaja Surajmal and the Third Battle of Panipat
Maharaja Surajmal played a pivotal role in the Third Battle of Panipat, which was fought between the Marathas and the Afghan armies led by general Ahmed Shah Abdali. Despite the tragic loss of around 40,000 Maratha troops, Maharaja Surajmal’s contribution to the battle remains significant in the annals of history. The battle marked a turning point as it led to the decline of the Maratha empire, ultimately paving the way for British colonial powers to take over North India.
From his dedication to unity and humanity to his exceptional military strategies, Maharaja Surajmal’s influence on Indian history is immeasurable. His life and rule continue to inspire and stand as a testament to his remarkable leadership.
