In a recent development from Jammu and Kashmir, a prisoner was released on bail following his being equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) tracker anklet to monitor his whereabouts. This marked the first instance of such technology being utilized in India for this specific purpose.
Understanding GPS Tracker Anklets
GPS anklets are small wearable devices strapped onto the ankles of individuals who are under some form of legal supervision, such as parole, probation, house arrest, or bail. Similar in function, GPS bracelets can be placed on a person’s arm. Any attempts to remove or damage these tamper-proof devices trigger an alarm.
These trackers offer a battery life spanning several days and can be conveniently recharged by the wearer. They serve the additional purpose of enforcing curfews, travel restrictions, or other conditions imposed by the court or the supervising agency.
Working of GPS Anklets
Harnessing the power of GPS technology, these anklets provide an exact location of the wearer at all times. This allows law enforcement and security agencies to monitor their movements in real-time, ensuring compliance and deterring crime.
Benefits of GPS Anklets in Prison Management
Integrating GPS anklets into criminal justice systems paves the way for efficient resource allocation to serious offenses while easing prison overcrowding. The balance between public safety and rehabilitation is bolstered as these anklets deter crime and foster offender well-being through family ties, education, and support services.
Global Legal Position on GPS Anklets
The deployment of GPS trackers is a precondition for bail in various countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia. However, in India, the situation appears to be rather complex.
Controversy Surrounding GPS Anklets in India
Rights activists voice their concerns, arguing that tracking individuals with GPS infringes upon their fundamental right to privacy and dignity. The Supreme Court of India, in ‘Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India’ (1978), declared that the right to life inherently includes the right to human dignity. Additionally, the lack of clear legislation governing the usage of GPS anklets in India presents both legal and ethical issues.
What is a Global Positioning System?
A GPS is a U.S-owned satellite navigation system used to determine the ground position of an object. It provides Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services to civilian and military users alike. The military service is accessible to U.S and allied armed forces and approved government agencies. Civilian services are freely available to all users on a continuous, worldwide basis.
To cater to the PNT needs of India, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has established its own regional navigation satellite system, termed as Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC).
Applications of GPS Technology
The adaptability of GPS technology extends its benefits to numerous fields. In the 2018 UPSC civil services examination, a question explored the areas where GPS technology can be applied. This included mobile phone operations, banking operations, and controlling power grids, highlighting the diverse applications of this advanced technology.
