Eighteen captive-bred pygmy hogs, the world’s smallest and rarest wild pig species known for constructing their own unique nests, were recently reintroduced into Manas National Park and Tiger Reserve in western Assam. The pygmy hog serves as an indicator species, reflecting the health of its primary habitat—tall and wet grasslands. With its critically endangered status, this release is a crucial step in conserving this species. Manas National Park, a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including the pygmy hog, and plays a significant role in wildlife conservation efforts.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Pygmy Hog: The pygmy hog (Porcula salvania) is the world’s smallest and rarest wild pig species, known for building its own nests. It’s critically endangered and serves as an indicator species for the health of its grassland habitat.
- Manas National Park: Located in Assam, India, it’s a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, Project Tiger reserve, and biosphere reserve, known for its rich biodiversity and crucial role in conservation.
- IUCN: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a global organization that assesses and categorizes species’ conservation statuses. “Critically Endangered” is one of its classifications.
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: An Indian legislation that provides legal protection to wildlife and their habitats, with Schedule I listing species with the highest level of protection.
- Manas River: A significant tributary of the Brahmaputra River, it flows through Manas National Park, supporting the park’s unique ecosystem and wildlife.
