The Rajasthan government recently declared that it would establish temporary refuges for migratory birds near Sambhar Lake, close to Jaipur, ahead of the winter season in 2020. This decision comes in response to the mass death of over 20,000 migratory birds in 2019 due to avian botulism.
Migratory Birds and Sambhar Lake
Sambhar Lake experiences an annual influx of migratory birds from Central Asia’s colder northern regions. Unfortunately, in 2019, more than 20,000 of these migratory birds fell victim to avian botulism, a deadly disease at the lake. The Rajasthan High Court took cognizance of this calamity and instructed an expert committee to investigate the cause and devise potential solutions.
The Expert Committee and their Recommendations
The high court established a seven-member expert team to assess the impact of salt formation and unearth any unlawful salt mining activities around the lake. The committee advised the state government to request additional funding from the central administration to improve infrastructure aimed at ensuring the security and safety of the migratory birds.
About Sambhar Lake
The largest inland saline water body in India is Sambhar Lake, located near Jaipur in Rajasthan. The Aravali hills surround it on all sides. Besides being a vital habitat for bird species, most of Rajasthan’s salt production originates from this lake. Recognized as a Ramsar site, this wetland of international significance accommodates tens of thousands of flamingos and various other migratory birds during the winter months.
Understanding Avian Botulism
Avian botulism is a neuro-muscular disease incited by a natural toxin called Botulinum, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. This bacteria is commonly present in soil, rivers, and seawater. The disease affects both humans and animals, impacting the nervous system and causing paralysis in the legs and wings of birds. The bacteria require anaerobic conditions to grow, meaning an absence of oxygen, and do not develop in acidic environments. Notably, avian botulism outbreaks tend to occur when average temperatures rise above 21 degrees Celsius and during periods of drought.
Conclusion
With the creation of temporary shelters for migratory birds, the Rajasthan government hopes to prevent a recurrence of the 2019 disaster at Sambhar Lake. The focus on developing infrastructure that prioritizes the safety and well-being of the migratory birds promises a brighter future for these creatures finding solace away from Central Asia’s harsh winters.
