Rajasthan’s Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion Bill, 2025

The Rajasthan government recently introduced the Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Bill, 2025. This legislation aims to prevent forced, fraudulent, or inducement-based religious conversions. The bill proposes severe penalties, including imprisonment for up to ten years and fines reaching ₹50,000 for offenders. The introduction of the bill aligns with the BJP’s ongoing campaign against what it terms “love jihad,” a controversial concept alleging that Muslim men marry Hindu women to convert them to Islam.

Background of the Bill

The Rajasthan Cabinet approved the draft of this bill in November 2024. The government claims it is necessary to address increasing concerns over religious conversions in the state. The term “love jihad” has gained traction in political discourse, primarily propagated by right-wing groups. This legislation is part of a broader trend among BJP-ruled states to legislate against religious conversions.

Key Provisions of the Bill

The bill outlines several key provisions. It criminalises conversion through misrepresentation, force, coercion, or inducement. Offences are classified as cognisable and non-bailable, requiring trial in a court. Individuals wishing to convert must provide a declaration to the District Magistrate at least 60 days prior to conversion. This requirement aims to regulate the process and prevent hasty or coerced conversions.

Political Reactions

The bill has sparked controversy. The Opposition Congress party has vehemently opposed it, arguing that it is a tool for political propaganda rather than a genuine effort to protect religious freedoms. Congress leaders have accused the BJP of diverting attention from pressing societal issues. They assert that existing laws should suffice to address any unlawful conversions.

Implications for Society

Proponents of the bill argue it will deter organisations that allegedly lure individuals, particularly in tribal areas. They assert it will protect vulnerable populations from exploitation. Critics, however, fear that the bill could encourage societal divisions and exacerbate communal tensions. The debate continues as the bill progresses through the legislative process.

Legal Context

The bill’s introduction follows similar legislation in other states, reflecting a growing trend in Indian politics. While laws protecting religious freedom exist, the Rajasthan bill seeks to fill a perceived legal gap. It aims to balance individual rights with the state’s interest in maintaining social harmony and secularism.

Future Considerations

As the bill moves forward, its implementation will be closely monitored. The potential for legal challenges exists, particularly regarding its compatibility with constitutional rights. The ongoing debates surrounding the bill will likely influence future legislative efforts in Rajasthan and beyond.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the implications of the Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Bill, 2025 on communal harmony in Rajasthan.
2. Critically examine the concept of ‘love jihad’ and its impact on societal dynamics in contemporary India.
3. Explain the role of the state in regulating religious conversions. What are the potential conflicts with individual freedoms?
4. With suitable examples, discuss the historical context of religious conversion laws in India and their evolution over time.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the implications of the Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Bill, 2025 on communal harmony in Rajasthan.

1. The bill may exacerbate communal tensions by reinforcing divisions between religious communities.
2. Supporters argue it protects vulnerable individuals from coercion, particularly in tribal areas.
3. Critics fear it could lead to increased surveillance and mistrust among communities.
4. The political narrative around the bill may polarize public opinion further.
5. Implementation challenges could arise, leading to potential misuse against minority groups.

2. Critically examine the concept of ‘love jihad’ and its impact on societal dynamics in contemporary India.

1. ‘Love jihad’ is a controversial term used to describe alleged coercive conversions through marriage.
2. The concept has been criticized as a politically motivated narrative that stokes communal fears.
3. It has led to heightened scrutiny of interfaith marriages, affecting personal freedoms and choices.
4. Supporters claim it protects Hindu women from exploitation, while critics see it as a form of moral policing.
5. The debate reflects broader societal tensions regarding identity, religion, and gender in India.

3. Explain the role of the state in regulating religious conversions. What are the potential conflicts with individual freedoms?

1. The state aims to prevent coercion and protect individuals from fraudulent conversions.
2. Regulating conversions can conflict with the fundamental right to religious freedom and personal choice.
3. Mandatory declarations and waiting periods may infringe on individual autonomy and privacy.
4. State intervention in personal matters can lead to societal backlash and perceptions of overreach.
5. The balance between protecting citizens and respecting individual rights remains a contentious issue.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the historical context of religious conversion laws in India and their evolution over time.

1. Historical laws, such as the Freedom of Religion Acts in various states, aimed to regulate conversions.
2. Post-independence, the focus was on secularism and the right to freely practice religion.
3. Contemporary laws reflect rising communal tensions and political agendas surrounding religious identity.
4. Examples include similar laws in states like Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, indicating a trend.
5. The evolution shows a shift from protecting individual rights to state control over religious practices.