Ranthambore National Park is a significant wildlife reserve in India, known for its rich diversity of species. Initially established as Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India, it underwent several status upgrades until it was finally declared as a National Park in 1980. It is also home to the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary.
Historical Background of Ranthambore National Park
Before becoming well recognized for its breathtaking expanse of biodiversity, Ranthambore was initially the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary. In 1973, it was declared a Tiger Reserve under Project Tiger to protect this magnificent species from extinction. By 1980, the sanctuary acquired the status of a national park. The adjoining forests were also designated as the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary as an extension of the protected region.
Ranthambore National Park’s Geographical Location
Ranthambore Tiger Reserve is nestled in the eastern part of Rajasthan, specifically within the districts of Karauli and Sawai Madhopur. It lies at the junction of two majestic hill ranges – the Aravali and Vindhya. This strategic geographical location offers a picturesque backdrop and provides diverse habitats for a variety of flora and fauna. Plateau grasslands mix with dense forests along seasonal streams to form a unique ecosystem.
Flora: The ‘Flame of Forest’
The dominant vegetation found in this region is the tropical dry deciduous type. A tree species capable of withstanding prolonged periods of drought known as ‘dhak’ (Butea monosperma) is common here. Nicknamed the ‘Flame of Forest’, this tree enlivens the region during dry summers with its flaming red flowers. It’s also identified by several other names like Battle of Plassey tree, Bengal kino, Palash tree and parrot tree. This tree earned its historical epithet– “Battle of Plassey” tree, as it marked the scene of the Battle of Plassey in 1757 where British forces emerged victorious over the Nawab of Bengal.
Ranthambore’s Diverse Wildlife
Ranthambore is a wildlife enthusiast’s paradise. Its fauna is rich and varied, with tigers reigning at the top of the mammal food chain. The park is home to a diverse range of animals including leopards, striped hyenas, common or Hanuman langurs, rhesus macaques, jackals, jungle cats, caracals, blackbuck, Blacknaped hare, and chinkara.
Thanks to this biodiversity, the park is also notable for being the northwestern limit of the Bengal tiger’s distribution range. Ranthambore provides a glimpse into the successful conservation efforts under Project Tiger in the country.
Birdlife in Ranthambore
In addition to mammals, Ranthambore National Park is a haven for bird lovers, boasting about 272 species so far. The park, with its various ecosystems, provides an ideal environment for many birds to thrive.
This article aims to offer a precise and factual overview of the Ranthambore National Park. The area remains an essential hub for wildlife conservation in India and serves as an exquisite example of the nation’s commitment to preserving its unique biodiversity.