Rare Neuroptera Species Discovered in Kerala

Recent discoveries in Kerala have revealed two rare species from the Order Neuroptera. Researchers from the Shadpada Entomology Research Lab at Christ College have identified Glenochrysa zeylanica and Indophanes barbara. These findings highlight the rich biodiversity of the region and the importance of entomological research.

Glenochrysa Zeylanica Rediscovered

Glenochrysa zeylanica is a green lacewing species. It was rediscovered after 111 years. Previously thought to be endemic to Sri Lanka, it has now been reported for the first time in India. The rediscovery took place in the Wayanad district, specifically in Mananthavady and Thirunelly. This discovery adds to the diversity of green lacewings in Kerala.

Indophanes Barbara Identified

Indophanes barbara is an antlion belonging to the Myrmeleontidae family. This species has been found across several districts in Kerala, including Thrissur, Palakkad, Kozhikode, Kannur, Malappuram, and Thiruvananthapuram. Its larvae do not build pits like typical antlions. Instead, they live under loose soils, providing protection from environmental elements.

Research Team and Publication

The research was conducted by Doctoral Scholar Suryanarayanan T. B. and his supervisor, Dr. Bijoy C., an Assistant Professor at Christ College. Their findings have been published in notable scientific journals, including the Journal of the Entomological Research Society and Natura Somogyiensis. This research is for understanding the faunal similarities between Sri Lanka and Kerala.

Importance of the Findings

The identification of these species puts stress on the biodiversity of Kerala. It also emphasizes the role of local research institutions in discovering and documenting insect species. The Shadpada Entomology Research Lab focuses on entomological studies, enhancing knowledge of local fauna.

Financial Support for Research

The research received financial backing from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in New Delhi. This support has enabled the lab to conduct extensive studies on various insects, contributing to the scientific community’s understanding of biodiversity in India.

Characteristics of Indophanes Barbara

Indophanes barbara is often misidentified as a damselfly due to its morphological traits. However, it can be distinguished by its long antennae. This marks the need for thorough taxonomic studies to accurately classify species within the Neuroptera order.

Significance of Neuroptera Research

Research on Neuroptera species is crucial for understanding ecological dynamics. These insects play roles in pest control and maintaining biodiversity. Documenting their presence helps in conservation efforts and raises awareness about the importance of insect studies.

Future Research Directions

Continued research is necessary to explore the full range of biodiversity in Kerala. Future studies should focus on habitat conservation and the ecological roles of newly discovered species. This will aid in preserving the unique ecosystems found in the region.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the significance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance.
2. Critically examine the role of local research institutions in biodiversity conservation.
3. Explain the characteristics that differentiate Neuroptera from Odonata.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the importance of financial support in scientific research.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the significance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance.

1. Biodiversity contributes to ecosystem stability and resilience against environmental changes.
2. It supports ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and water purification.
3. Higher biodiversity enhances productivity and sustainability of ecosystems.
4. Genetic diversity within species aids in adaptation to changing conditions.
5. Loss of biodiversity can lead to ecosystem collapse and loss of species, impacting human survival.

2. Critically examine the role of local research institutions in biodiversity conservation.

1. Local research institutions conduct species identification and documentation, enhancing biodiversity knowledge.
2. They engage in habitat conservation efforts and promote awareness about local ecosystems.
3. Collaboration with communities encourages sustainable practices and conservation initiatives.
4. Local research can lead to discoveries of new species, contributing to global biodiversity databases.
5. Such institutions often provide training and resources for future scientists and conservationists.

3. Explain the characteristics that differentiate Neuroptera from Odonata.

1. Neuroptera includes holometabolous insects with complete metamorphosis, while Odonata are hemimetabolous with incomplete metamorphosis.
2. Neuroptera larvae are often predatory and may have different habitats compared to Odonata nymphs.
3. Neuroptera adults typically have net-like wings, whereas Odonata have elongated wings.
4. Neuroptera species, like lacewings, are known for their role in pest control, unlike many Odonata that are aquatic.
5. Distinctive morphological features, such as long antennae in Neuroptera, aid in identification.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the importance of financial support in scientific research.

1. Financial support enables research institutions to acquire necessary equipment and resources for studies.
2. It facilitates fieldwork and data collection, crucial for biodiversity assessments (e.g., CSIR funding for the recent Kerala discoveries).
3. Grants can support collaborations with international scientists, enhancing research quality and scope.
4. Funding helps in training researchers, encouraging a skilled workforce for future scientific advancements.
5. Examples include government grants, such as those from CSIR, which have led to findings in entomology.