The Rashtriya Gokul Mission initiated in 2014 by the Indian government aimed at improving indigenous cattle breeds through quality semen research and development. However, the strategy has primarily focused on promoting one indigenous breed, the Gir cow, due to its milk production and adaptability. This has led to a 70% increase in purebred Gir cows since 2013 while other indigenous breeds have not witnessed similar growth. Such a unilateral focus has raised concerns about the loss of diversity among indigenous cattle breeds in India.
Issues with Prominence of Gir Cow
Despite increasing popularity, research suggests that graded Gir cows (a hybrid between Gir and other nondescript breeds) do not consistently surpass indigenous breeds in many states. While they perform well under favorable climate conditions, there are instances of lower milk production leading to farmer grievances about shorter lactation periods and reduced daily milk yields. Their performance is influenced by factors beyond their adaptability to microclimates. For instance, their milk production decreases when raised in isolation, making them a potential liability for farmers without adequate resources and support.
Adopting Effective Solutions
To prevent a potential loss in cattle diversity, experts propose to shift the focus towards identifying and breeding genetically superior indigenous cows. They contend that each indigenous cow is adapted to specific regions, and continuous crossbreeding may lead to the extinction of region-specific traits. Specialists caution against repeating imported crossbreeding methods used during the White Revolution, emphasizing holistic growth and development of indigenous breeds instead.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission: An Overview
Implemented since December 2014, the Rashtriya Gokul Mission aims at the development and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds. The scheme seeks to enhance productivity and propagate high genetic merit bulls for breeding purposes. It strives to improve artificial insemination coverage through a strengthened breeding network and promote indigenous cattle and buffalo rearing in a scientific manner.
Other Livestock Sector Schemes
In addition to Rashtriya Gokul Mission, several other schemes like the Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF), National Animal Disease Control Programme, National Artificial Insemination Programme, National Livestock Mission, National Kamdhenu Breeding Centre, and Gokul Grams “E-Pashu Haat”- Nakul Prajnan Bazaar aim at improving the livestock sector in India. These programs provide an extensive network to support the breeding, rearing, and conservation of indigenous bovines.
Implications on Non-Farm Employment and Economic Growth
The livestock sector holds great potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Therefore, promoting this sector is crucial for economic growth. However, as highlighted by the Rashtriya Gokul Mission’s experience, the importance of maintaining the diversity of indigenous breeds while enhancing productivity cannot be overstated. Lessons from the past underline the need for a careful balance between increased production and sustainable development while remembering the specific needs and traits of indigenous cattle breeds.
