The National Statistical Office (NSO) has recently released a report titled ‘Household Social Consumption: Education in India’ based on the 75th round of National Sample Survey, spanning from July 2017 to June 2018. The report offers a comprehensive state-wise analysis of literacy rates among individuals aged seven years and above. Coincidentally, the report was released ahead of International Literacy Day, which is observed annually on 8th September.
Results of the Study: Broad Overview of Literacy in India
The survey highlighted that the overall literacy rate in India stands at 77.7%. A demarcation between urban and rural areas shows a higher literacy rate in urban areas (87.7%) compared to rural areas (73.5%). Gender-wise, the male literacy rate (84.7%) outpaces the female literacy rate (70.3%). This gender disparity in literacy is visible across all states, with the gap being more noticeable in worst-performing states.
State-Wise Performances: The Pioneers and Laggards
Outstanding performers in terms of literacy rates are Kerala, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Assam. Meanwhile, the states trailing behind include Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
Trends in Digital Literacy
The study also outlined the current trends in digital literacy. It revealed that 23% of urban households and 4% of rural households own computers. Among individuals aged between 15-29 years, approximately 56% in urban and 24% in rural areas are able to operate a computer. In the same age group, nearly 25% in rural areas and 58% in urban areas reported using the internet.
International Literacy Day 2020
International Literacy Day, first commemorated on 8th September 1967, was an initiative of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The purpose of this day is to raise awareness about the significance of literacy for human dignity and rights. The theme for International Literacy Day 2020 revolves around the learning changes and challenges during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Future Roadmaps
The international community has set its sights on achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, which includes inclusive and quality education for all and promoting lifelong learning (SDG 4). However, the current scenario in South Asia reveals that large scale illiteracy still persists among adults. UNESCO estimates that India will achieve complete literacy by 2060.
Educational Initiatives by the Indian Government
In order to elevate the standard of education and literacy, the Indian government has implemented several initiatives. These include the National Education Policy 2020, Samagra Shiksha, Mid Day Meal Scheme, Eklavya Model School, and Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme (RGNF).
Mission towards Digital Literacy
To boost digital literacy, the government has rolled out initiatives such as the Digital India Programme, Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan, National Digital Literacy Mission, and Bharat Net Programme.
A Path Towards Emancipation
The development of a nation greatly depends on the education level of its citizens. Hence, educational systems worldwide need to ensure necessary training for children and working adults to acquire basic reading and writing skills. Incorporating schooling for children and literacy training for adults as key elements in national education plans can catalyze this process.