The recent scientific paper entitled “Rescuing Gangetic river dolphins from irrigation canals in Uttar Pradesh, 2013-2020” presents a thorough analysis of the rescue and relocation efforts for Gangetic river dolphins. These endangered animals find themselves in perilous conditions within the Ganga-Ghagra basin’s irrigation canals due to the impact of man-made structures on their natural habitat.
Overview of the Study
Dams and barrages have had a catastrophic effect on the dolphins’ living spaces, forcing these majestic creatures to inadvertently move into irrigation canals. These new habitats pose a significant threat of injury or even fatality. The report reveals that over 70% of dolphin entrapments occurred post-monsoon or during peak winter. Conversely, the remaining 30% took place during summertime when the water level drops and the minimum water flow is sustained. From 2013 to 2020, rescuers saved 19 Gangetic river dolphins from the unforgiving irrigation canals within the Ganga-Ghagra basin.
The Gangetic River Dolphin Explained
Officially discovered in 1801, the Gangetic River Dolphin is a unique species, often referred to as the “Tiger of the Ganges”. Historically, these dolphins were found in large numbers in the major river systems of India, Nepal and Bangladesh – including the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu rivers.
According to recent studies, the main population of the species now inhabits the mainstream Ganga River and its tributaries – Ghagra, Kosi, Gandak, Chambal, Rupnarayan, and Yamuna. Fascinatingly, the dolphin, though blind, uses ultrasonic sounds to navigate its surroundings. The sound bounces off other creatures and objects, helping the dolphin to ‘visualize’ an image in its mind.
Life Cycle and Habitat
The Gangetic river dolphin is a solitary animal or found in small groups. Female dolphins, larger than their male counterparts, typically give birth to one calf every two to three years. Like all mammals, the Gangetic river dolphin needs air to breathe. Consequently, they must rise to the water’s surface every 30-120 seconds. The distinctive sound made during this process earned the dolphin its local name – ‘Susu’.
The Importance of Gangetic River Dolphin
These dolphins play a crucial role as an indicator of the health of the entire river ecosystem. Recognizing their importance, the Indian government declared the Gangetic river dolphin as the National Aquatic Animal in 2009. The species also holds the status of the State Aquatic Animal of Assam.
Threats to the Gangetic River Dolphin
Numerous threats plague the survival of this unique species. Unintentional killing due to entanglement in fishing gear, poaching for dolphin oil, habitat destruction driven by development projects, and pollution are the primary culprits.
Protection Status and Government Initiatives
The Gangetic river dolphin is classified as ‘Endangered’ by the IUCN and has protection under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. International trade conventions also list the species in their highest protection categories.
In an effort to safeguard this vital species, government initiatives such as Project Dolphin and the establishment of the Vikramshila Ganges Dolphin Sanctuary in Bihar have been undertaken. Furthermore, India recognizes National Ganga River Dolphin Day on October 5th to raise awareness about the species.