The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sanctioned the first vaccine shielding newborns against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). RSV, a prevalent respiratory virus, predominantly affects children. While often manifesting as mild cold-like symptoms, it can lead to severe issues in vulnerable groups. Transmission occurs via the air, direct contact, or touching contaminated surfaces. Contagiousness spans from 3 to 8 days, potentially longer in infants and those with weakened immunity. Symptoms generally emerge 4 to 6 days post-infection and encompass runny nose, cough, fever, and wheezing. Severe cases can result in bronchiolitis or pneumonia. The new vaccine signifies a pivotal advancement in preventing RSV-associated illnesses.
UPSC Prelims Topics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A common virus causing respiratory illnesses, particularly in children. It leads to mild symptoms in most cases but can be severe in certain groups.
- Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, often caused by RSV infection. It can lead to breathing difficulties.
- Pneumonia: An infection affecting the lungs, characterized by inflammation and difficulty in breathing.
UPSC Mains & Interview Questions
- Why is the FDA’s approval of an RSV vaccine significant?
- Hint: The approval marks a crucial breakthrough in protecting newborns and addressing the impact of RSV, which primarily affects children. This preventive measure could lead to a reduction in severe cases and related complications.
- Explain the modes of RSV transmission. How can it be prevented?
- Hint: RSV spreads through the air via coughing and sneezing, direct contact, and touching contaminated surfaces. Preventive measures include maintaining hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and promoting vaccination.
- Why is RSV particularly concerning for infants and individuals with compromised immune systems?
- Hint: Infants’ immune systems are still developing, making them more susceptible. Individuals with weakened immunity struggle to fend off infections effectively, heightening the risk of severe RSV-related complications.
- What potential impact could the RSV vaccine have on public health?
- Hint: The vaccine has the potential to reduce RSV-related hospitalizations and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. By curbing the spread of the virus, it could lead to overall improved respiratory health in vulnerable populations.