In a recent turn of events, Turkey announced that Russia will be conducting live-fire naval exercises in the eastern Mediterranean. This decision comes at a time when tensions are escalating between Turkey and coastal neighbors Greece and Cyprus. The focus of contention is on the rights to explore energy resources in the region.
The Complex Geo-politics
As a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member, it’s unusual for Turkey to engage in such drills on behalf of Russia. However, in recent years, the two nations have significantly enhanced their military, political and economic connections. Despite Turkey’s NATO membership, the country is building ties with Russia, pointing to an interesting twist in international relations.
Russia-Turkey Link
The forthcoming drill is not the only point of connection between Russia and Turkey. Coordination between the countries is also evident in their military presence in Syria. Besides this, Turkey has procured advanced S-400 missiles from Russia and agreed to go along with a Russian-built nuclear power plant on its southern coast.
The Embargo
The U.S. recently lifted a decades-old arms embargo (1987) on Cyprus, causing fresh strains between Turkey and Greece. Turkey was quick to condemn the move and urged the U.S to reconsider, aiming to protect Turkish-speaking Cypriots. The embargo was initially put in place to prevent an arms race that would hinder UN-facilitated reunification attempts for Cyprus.
Impact of Russia-Turkey Military Drill
The announcement comes as Turkish survey vehicles and drilling ships continue to explore for hydrocarbons in waters where Greece and Cyprus assert exclusive economic rights. At the same time, Russia maintains a significant naval presence in the eastern Mediterranean and frequently conducts naval manoeuvers, putting them at odds with the European Union over territorial disputes involving Greece and Cyprus.
India’s Stake in the Matter
The Mediterranean region, accounting for roughly 4.5% of India’s total oil imports in the fiscal year 2019-2020, is crucial for India’s energy security. Additionally, any unrest in the region could impact India’s diaspora there. Diplomatic ties between India and Turkey have heightened in recent times following India’s decision to terminate the special status of Kashmir.
Background of Conflict
Energy exploration lies at the heart of the ongoing dispute in the Mediterranean region. The conundrum surrounds conflicting interpretations of maritime boundaries and a long-standing feud between Turkey and Cyprus over gas reserves around the island.
Way Forward
Conflicting claims over resources due to unresolved border disputes could potentially trigger new tensions in the Mediterranean region. Given the current challenges of the pandemic and economic downturn, it is pivotal for global leaders to address the concerns of all stakeholders in the region to ensure collective peace and prosperity.