Safety Concerns Surrounding Indian Coast Guard Helicopter Crashes

The recent crashes of the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Mark-III have raised safety concerns. On January 5, 2025, an ALH Mark-III crashed during a training mission in Porbandar, Gujarat, resulting in the loss of all three crew members. This incident marked the second fatal accident involving this model in just four months. Previous crashes have also led to fatalities, prompting investigations into the helicopter’s safety and design.

Overview of ALH Helicopter Design

The HAL ALH was designed to replace older helicopter models in the Indian defence services. Development began in 1984 with a focus on creating a multi-role helicopter. Key components, such as the Shakti engines, were developed in collaboration with international partners. Over the years, the level of indigenisation has improved, with more parts being produced in India.

Recent Crashes and Investigations

The January 2025 crash is part of a troubling trend. In September 2024, another ALH Mark-III crashed during a medical evacuation mission, also killing three. Earlier incidents in March 2023 and various crashes involving other ALH variants have raised alarms. Investigations are ongoing, focusing on the helicopter’s flying controls and transmission systems.

Safety Audits and Groundings

Following the recent accidents, the Indian Coast Guard grounded its entire fleet of approximately 300 ALH helicopters for thorough safety checks. This action aims to identify potential design flaws and ensure the aircraft’s operational safety. Previous audits have revealed issues related to booster control rods, prompting HAL to initiate a replacement programme for more durable components.

Historical Context of ALH Crashes

The ALH has a history of crashes beyond the Mark-III variant. Notable incidents include crashes involving the ALH Rudra, the attack helicopter version. These accidents have occurred due to technical snags and other factors, resulting in the loss of lives. The pattern of incidents marks ongoing safety challenges within the fleet.

Military Aviation Concerns

Veterans in military aviation have expressed serious concerns regarding the safety record of the ALH. Calls for independent inquiries into the crashes reflect a growing demand for transparency and accountability. The focus remains on ensuring that the design and operational standards meet the required safety benchmarks.

Future of HAL ALH Helicopters

Despite the challenges, HAL continues to work on upgrades and variants of the ALH. The aim is to enhance the helicopter’s capabilities through local research and development. Certification from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) indicates that the ALH meets international standards, but ongoing safety concerns must be addressed to restore confidence in its operation.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the impact of indigenous defence manufacturing on India’s military capabilities.
2. Discuss in the light of recent helicopter crashes the importance of safety audits in military aviation.
3. Critically discuss the role of international collaboration in the development of defence technology in India.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the significance of indigenisation in enhancing operational efficiency in the Indian Armed Forces.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the impact of indigenous defence manufacturing on India’s military capabilities.

1. Indigenous manufacturing reduces dependency on foreign suppliers, enhancing self-reliance.
2. It encourages technological advancements and innovation within the country.
3. Strengthens national security by ensuring timely availability of critical defence equipment.
4. Creates job opportunities and boosts the local economy through the defence sector.
5. Improves operational readiness with quicker maintenance and upgrades of domestic systems.

2. Discuss in the light of recent helicopter crashes the importance of safety audits in military aviation.

1. Safety audits identify design flaws and operational weaknesses in aircraft systems.
2. They help in implementing corrective measures to prevent future accidents.
3. Regular audits enhance pilot and crew confidence in aircraft safety.
4. Groundings for safety checks demonstrate commitment to operational safety standards.
5. Incorporating findings from audits leads to improved training and operational protocols.

3. Critically discuss the role of international collaboration in the development of defence technology in India.

1. International collaboration brings in expertise and advanced technologies not available domestically.
2. Joint ventures can lead to cost-effective and efficient development processes.
3. It facilitates knowledge transfer, enhancing local capabilities and skills.
4. Collaborative projects can improve the quality and reliability of defence systems.
5. However, over-reliance on foreign technology can hinder full indigenisation efforts.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the significance of indigenisation in enhancing operational efficiency in the Indian Armed Forces.

1. Indigenisation reduces lead times for procurement and enhances supply chain efficiency.
2. Examples include the HAL ALH, which, despite challenges, showcases domestic production capabilities.
3. Local manufacturing allows for quicker upgrades and maintenance, ensuring operational readiness.
4. Indigenous systems can be tailored to meet specific operational needs of the armed forces.
5. Successful indigenisation efforts boost national pride and strategic autonomy in defence.