SANJAY Battlefield Surveillance System

On January 24, 2025, Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh inaugurated the SANJAY system in New Delhi. This automated Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) integrates inputs from both ground and aerial sensors. It processes these inputs to ensure accuracy and prevent duplication. The system aims to create a comprehensive Common Surveillance Picture for the Indian Army.

Overview of SANJAY

• SANJAY is designed to enhance battlefield transparency.
• It operates over a secured Army Data Network and Satellite Communication Network.
• The system utilises advanced sensors and analytics.
• Its primary goal is to improve Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. This will allow commanders to make informed decisions in both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

Technological Features

The BSS features cutting-edge technology. It is equipped with state-of-the-art sensors that monitor extensive land borders. The system assesses situations with unmatched accuracy. This capability acts as a force multiplier for the Indian Army. The Centralised Web Application provides critical inputs to Command and Army Headquarters.

Development and Collaboration

SANJAY was developed through a joint effort between the Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). This collaboration supports the ‘Aatmanirbharta’ initiative, promoting self-reliance in defence technology. The system is part of the Indian Army’s ‘Year of Technology Absorption’.

Induction and Implementation

The system will be inducted into all operational Brigades, Divisions, and Corps of the Indian Army. This rollout will occur in three phases from March to October 2025. The Ministry of Defence has declared 2025 as the ‘Year of Reforms’. The total cost of the SANJAY system is estimated at Rs 2,402 crore.

Significance for the Indian Army

The introduction of SANJAY marks leap towards data and network centricity. It enhances the operational capabilities of the Indian Army. Commanders can now operate more effectively in a Network Centric Environment. The system represents a forward-thinking approach to modern warfare.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the role of technology in modern warfare with reference to systems like SANJAY.
2. What are the implications of the ‘Aatmanirbharta’ initiative for India’s defence sector? Discuss.
3. Explain the significance of data-centric operations in military strategy. Provide suitable examples.
4. What is the concept of Network Centric Warfare? How does it transform military operations?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the role of technology in modern warfare with reference to systems like SANJAY.

1. Technology enhances situational awareness through advanced sensors and data integration.
2. Automated systems like SANJAY improve decision-making speed and accuracy in combat scenarios.
3. Modern warfare relies on real-time intelligence for effective command and control.
4. Technological advancements lead to increased operational efficiency and reduced casualties.
5. Systems like SANJAY exemplify the shift towards data-driven military strategies.

2. What are the implications of the ‘Aatmanirbharta’ initiative for India’s defence sector? Discuss.

1. ‘Aatmanirbharta’ promotes self-reliance in defence production and technology development.
2. It encourages indigenous manufacturing, reducing dependency on foreign suppliers.
3. The initiative encourages innovation and collaboration between the government and private sectors.
4. It aims to enhance national security through robust domestic capabilities.
5. Overall, it strengthens India’s strategic autonomy in defence matters.

3. Explain the significance of data-centric operations in military strategy. Provide suitable examples.

1. Data-centric operations allow for real-time analysis and informed decision-making in combat.
2. They enable precise targeting and resource allocation, minimizing collateral damage.
3. Examples include the use of drones for surveillance and reconnaissance, enhancing situational awareness.
4. Data analytics can predict enemy movements and optimize troop deployment.
5. Overall, data-centric strategies improve operational effectiveness and adaptability in dynamic environments.

4. What is the concept of Network Centric Warfare? How does it transform military operations?

1. Network Centric Warfare integrates information technology with military operations to enhance coordination.
2. It enables real-time communication among units, improving response times and operational synergy.
3. This concept shifts the focus from individual platforms to interconnected systems and networks.
4. It transforms military operations by allowing for decentralized decision-making based on shared information.
5. Overall, it enhances combat effectiveness and situational awareness on the battlefield.