Every year on 3rd January, the nation celebrates Savitribai Phule Jayanti, in acknowledgment of her unprecedented contributions towards societal upliftment, women empowerment, and education. Phule, regarded as one of the first modern-day feminists in India, is revered for her efforts in promoting education and literacy among women and the downtrodden communities.
Biographical Sketch: Life and Struggles
Savitribai Phule was born in Naigaon, a region in the Satara district of Maharashtra on January 3, 1831. At a tender age of nine, she was married to activist and social reformer Jyotirao Phule. Encouraged by her husband’s support, she honed her reading and writing skills. The couple became torchbearers of change, against societal norms of their times, and launched India’s first school for girls named Bhide Wada in Pune in 1848.
The Challenge of Introducing Women’s Education
At the time when the Phules were making strides in the field of women’s education, the concept of providing education to women and the lower castes was largely frowned upon. Amidst the nationalist discourse in Maharashtra between 1881-1920, led by prominent figure Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the duo faced vehement opposition. The establishment of schools for women and non-Brahmins was condemned by Tilak, who argued that it led to a loss of nationality.
Phule’s Initiatives: Literacy Mission and Society for Truth-Seeking
Phule launched the Literacy Mission in India around 1854-55 despite major opposition. Moreover, she alongside her husband established the Satyashodhak Samaj (Society for Truth-Seeking). Through this society, they aimed to endorse the practice of Satyashodhak marriage wherein no dowry was involved.
Literary Contributions
In addition to her educational and social reforms, Phule was an accomplished poet. She authored poems in Marathi, advocating for core values such as humanism, liberty, equality, fraternity, rationalism, and emphasizing the importance of education. Her significant works include the books of poems “Kavya Phule” and “Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar”.
| Year | Title |
|---|---|
| 1848 | Launch of Bhide Wada, India’s first school for girls |
| 1854-55 | Start of Literacy Mission in India |
| Unknown | Establishment of Satyashodhak Samaj |
Final Years and Legacy
Savitribai Phule passed away on March 10, 1897, but her legacy continues to inspire generations. The annual commemoration of her birth anniversary serves as a reminder of her indomitable spirit, determination, and tireless efforts towards creating a just, equitable society. Today, she stands as an embodiment of women empowerment and educational reform in India.